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First-order voltage response
First-order voltage responseTime (s) versus Fraction of voltage change. Step response; Separate relaxation experiment. Interpretation follows the graphs.000.263450.525900.7881351.05180Time (s)Fraction of voltagechange
Step responseSeparate relaxation experiment (dashed)
" } }, { "id": "reference:inl-ev-tests", "type": "Reference", "label": "Battery Test Manual For Electric Vehicles, Revision 3", "properties": { "title": "Battery Test Manual For Electric Vehicles, Revision 3", "publisher": "Idaho National Laboratory", "url": "https://inldigitallibrary.inl.gov/sites/sti/sti/6492291.pdf", "type": "Test manual", "scope": "Performance characterization, pulse resistance/power, life testing and reference performance tests; historical 2015 edition.", "year": 2015, "authors": [ "Jon P. Christopherson" ], "accessed": "2026-10-27" } } ] }