{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:ptfe",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "PTFE",
    "properties": {
      "id": "ptfe",
      "name": "PTFE",
      "aka": [
        "polytetrafluoroethylene",
        "Teflon"
      ],
      "section": "topic-components",
      "definition": "The fluoropolymer binder of dry electrode processes: under shear its particles draw out into fine fibrils that web the active material together without any solvent. It is unstable at the low potential of graphite, which complicates dry negative electrodes.",
      "related": [
        "dry-electrode",
        "binder",
        "pvdf"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ptfe/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "active-material",
        "graphite"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3454",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3455",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "term:dry-electrode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3456",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "term:binder",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3457",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/ptfe/electrode",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/ptfe/active-material",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "term:active-material",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/ptfe/graphite",
      "source": "term:ptfe",
      "target": "term:graphite",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-components",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Cell components and electrode materials",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-components",
        "name": "Cell components and electrode materials",
        "lede": "What a cell is physically made of — active materials, binders, additives, foils and tabs — and how its electrodes are put together.",
        "context": "Connect each material with its function.",
        "example": "Electrons travel through additive, foil and tab; ions use electrolyte and separator pathways.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dry-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dry electrode process",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dry-electrode",
        "name": "Dry electrode process",
        "aka": [
          "dry coating",
          "solvent-free electrode"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "A way of making electrodes without solvent: the powders are mixed with a binder that draws out into fine fibres under shear, and the resulting film is pressed onto the foil. It removes the slurry, the dryer and solvent recovery.",
        "related": [
          "ptfe",
          "nmp",
          "drying",
          "coating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Keep process scope clear",
          "text": "A solvent-free electrode step does not make every other assembly and finishing step solvent-free or unnecessary."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dry-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "binder",
          "slurry",
          "solvent-recovery"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:binder",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Binder",
      "properties": {
        "id": "binder",
        "name": "Binder",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A polymer that holds electrode particles to each other and to the foil — typically PVDF for positive electrodes and CMC with SBR for graphite. It stores no charge, so cell designers use as little as the electrode needs.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "conductive-additive",
          "slurry",
          "pvdf",
          "nmp",
          "paa"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Balance coating functions",
          "text": "Increasing binder fraction at fixed coating mass leaves less mass for active material and conductive additive. Adhesion and capacity are separate design considerations."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/binder/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "cmc",
          "sbr"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "PVDF",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pvdf",
        "name": "PVDF",
        "aka": [
          "polyvinylidene fluoride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The fluoropolymer binder used in most positive electrodes. It dissolves only in solvents such as NMP, which is why positive-electrode slurries are solvent-based and need solvent recovery in the plant.",
        "related": [
          "binder",
          "nmp",
          "coating",
          "dry-electrode"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pvdf/",
        "mentions": [
          "solvent-recovery"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "active-material",
        "name": "Active material",
        "abbr": "AM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The part of an electrode that actually stores lithium — graphite on the negative side, an oxide or phosphate on the positive. It makes up most of the electrode coating; the rest is binder and conductive additive.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "anode-active-material",
          "binder",
          "conductive-additive",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Choose a mass basis",
          "text": "A 100 g coating containing 95 g active material has different specific-capacity numbers when normalized to active mass versus total coating mass."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
          "intercalation",
          "natural-graphite",
          "synthetic-graphite",
          "lithium-plating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}