{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Prussian blue analogue",
    "properties": {
      "id": "prussian-blue-analogue",
      "name": "Prussian blue analogue",
      "abbr": "PBA",
      "aka": [
        "Prussian white",
        "hexacyanoferrate"
      ],
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "An open-framework compound, AₓM[Fe(CN)₆], in which iron–cyanide units and another metal form a cubic cage with wide channels for large ions. Made at low temperature from cheap elements, its sodium-rich form, Prussian white, is a leading sodium-ion cathode. Water trapped in the lattice degrades cells, and the cyanide groups raise questions in thermal runaway.",
      "related": [
        "sodium-ion",
        "potassium-ion",
        "cathode-active-material",
        "moisture-content",
        "ammonium-ion"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/prussian-blue-analogue/",
      "mentions": [
        "cathode",
        "thermal-runaway"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6115",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6116",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:sodium-ion",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6117",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:potassium-ion",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6118",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:cathode-active-material",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6119",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:moisture-content",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6120",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/prussian-blue-analogue/cathode",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:cathode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/prussian-blue-analogue/thermal-runaway",
      "source": "term:prussian-blue-analogue",
      "target": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sodium-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Sodium-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sodium-ion",
        "name": "Sodium-ion battery",
        "abbr": "Na-ion",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell built like a lithium-ion cell but shuttling sodium ions, usually between a hard-carbon negative electrode and a layered oxide or Prussian-blue positive. It uses no lithium, cobalt or copper, at the cost of lower energy density.",
        "related": [
          "hard-carbon",
          "lithium-ion",
          "energy-density",
          "stationary-storage",
          "seawater-battery"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sodium-ion/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "cobalt",
          "layered-oxide"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:potassium-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Potassium-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "potassium-ion",
        "name": "Potassium-ion battery",
        "abbr": "K-ion",
        "aka": [
          "KIB"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A rocking-chair cell shuttling K⁺ ions. Unlike sodium, potassium intercalates into ordinary graphite, forming KC₈ at 279 mAh/g, and its low redox potential allows high cell voltage; potassium is also abundant. The large ion makes graphite swell by about 60 % and strains positives, so Prussian blue analogues with wide channels lead as cathodes.",
        "related": [
          "sodium-ion",
          "graphite",
          "prussian-blue-analogue",
          "rocking-chair",
          "intercalation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/potassium-ion/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "cell-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cathode-active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cathode active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cathode-active-material",
        "name": "Cathode active material",
        "abbr": "CAM",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The lithium-containing compound in the positive electrode — NMC, NCA, LFP or LCO powder — that supplies the cell’s cyclable lithium. It is the most expensive material in most cells and sets the nominal voltage and much of the energy density.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "nmc",
          "lfp",
          "precursor",
          "specific-capacity"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cathode-active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "energy-density"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:moisture-content",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Moisture content",
      "properties": {
        "id": "moisture-content",
        "name": "Moisture content",
        "aka": [
          "Karl Fischer titration"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The water left in electrodes, separator and electrolyte, measured by Karl Fischer titration and specified in the low hundreds of parts per million or below. Water forms HF with the salt, which attacks the positive electrode and the SEI.",
        "unit": "ppm",
        "related": [
          "vacuum-drying",
          "dry-room",
          "hydrofluoric-acid"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/moisture-content/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "separator",
          "electrolyte",
          "sei"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:ammonium-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ammonium-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ammonium-ion",
        "name": "Ammonium-ion battery",
        "aka": [
          "NH₄⁺ battery",
          "aqueous ammonium-ion battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "An aqueous battery whose charge carrier is the ammonium ion, NH₄⁺, a light, non-metallic cation that hops through host lattices by forming and breaking hydrogen bonds. Hosts include Prussian blue analogues, molybdenum and vanadium oxides and organic polyimides. It is cheap and non-flammable but still at the research stage, held back by low voltage.",
        "related": [
          "aqueous-battery",
          "prussian-blue-analogue",
          "organic-electrode-material",
          "aqueous-zinc-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ammonium-ion/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cathode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cathode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cathode",
        "name": "Cathode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode where reduction happens: the positive electrode on discharge, the negative one on charge. In industry usage, “cathode” means the positive electrode and its material, whatever the cell is doing.",
        "related": [
          "positive-electrode",
          "anode",
          "reduction",
          "cathode-active-material"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Check the reaction",
          "text": "During discharge, the positive electrode is the cathode because reduction occurs there. Charging moves reduction to the negative electrode."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cathode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal runaway",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-runaway",
        "name": "Thermal runaway",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Self-accelerating heating in a cell: heat speeds up reactions that release more heat, until the cell vents, catches fire or ruptures. An internal short, overcharge or external heating can trigger it.",
        "related": [
          "onset-temperature",
          "thermal-propagation",
          "venting",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "thermal-runaway-energy",
          "exothermic"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-runaway/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}