{ "node": { "id": "term:preconditioning", "type": "Term", "label": "Preconditioning", "properties": { "id": "preconditioning", "name": "Preconditioning", "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "Warming or cooling the battery to its preferred temperature before a fast charge or a hard drive, using the vehicle’s own heaters and pumps. Navigating to a charger triggers it in many cars, because a cold pack cannot accept high current safely.", "related": [ "thermal-management", "fast-charging", "lithium-plating", "operating-temperature" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/preconditioning/", "mentions": [ "charger" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:113", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "workflow:charge-thermal", "type": "usedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json" } }, { "id": "edge:2941", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "topic:topic-thermal", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:2942", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "term:thermal-management", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2943", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "term:fast-charging", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2944", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "term:lithium-plating", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2945", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "term:operating-temperature", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/preconditioning/charger", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "term:charger", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2947", "source": "term:preconditioning", "target": "visual:thermal", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "workflow:charge-thermal", "type": "Workflow", "label": "Inspect pack temperature", "properties": { "id": "charge-thermal", "title": "Inspect pack temperature", "kind": "protocol", "summary": "The separate Charge session can include a lumped thermal node.", "steps": [ "Provide thermal mass and conductance.", "Compare two ambient temperatures." ], "example": "100 kJ/K thermal mass and 100 W/K conductance give a 1000 s no-source temperature-difference time constant.", "observe": "Temperature limits can pause charge; heater and mass are separate.", "limits": "One node does not resolve gradients, coolant geometry or runaway. Studio’s native charger instead uses external temperature.", "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/", "label": "Open Design → Charge session", "evidence": [ "js/charger.js" ] } }, { "id": "topic:topic-thermal", "type": "Topic", "label": "Thermal management and heat transfer", "properties": { "id": "topic-thermal", "name": "Thermal management and heat transfer", "lede": "How heat is made, moved and removed in cells and packs, and the hardware that keeps a battery at the right temperature.", "context": "Select spatial detail for the question.", "example": "Equal total heat in different layouts can produce different gradients. Average temperature can miss a hot spot.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/", "lesson_label": "Open temperature and aging" } }, { "id": "term:thermal-management", "type": "Term", "label": "Thermal management", "properties": { "id": "thermal-management", "name": "Thermal management", "abbr": "TMS", "aka": [ "battery thermal management system", "BTMS" ], "section": "topic-thermal", "definition": "Keeping cells in their comfortable range, roughly 15–35 °C, and within a few degrees of each other: liquid cooling plates, refrigerant plates or immersion for heat removal, and heaters or waste heat for warming before fast charging in the cold.", "related": [ "cooling-plate", "thermal-interface-material", "operating-temperature", "heat-generation", "preconditioning", "temperature-sensor" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-management/", "mentions": [ "fast-charging" ] } }, { "id": "term:fast-charging", "type": "Term", "label": "Fast charging", "properties": { "id": "fast-charging", "name": "Fast charging", "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.", "related": [ "lithium-plating", "c-rate", "cc-cv-charging", "dc-fast-charging", "thermal-management", "mscc" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/", "mentions": [ "state-of-charge" ] } }, { "id": "term:lithium-plating", "type": "Term", "label": "Lithium plating", "properties": { "id": "lithium-plating", "name": "Lithium plating", "section": "topic-aging", "definition": "Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.", "related": [ "dendrite", "fast-charging", "intercalation", "np-ratio", "dead-lithium", "electrodeposition" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#plating", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-plating/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:operating-temperature", "type": "Term", "label": "Operating temperature", "properties": { "id": "operating-temperature", "name": "Operating temperature", "section": "topic-ratings", "definition": "The temperature range a cell may be charged and discharged in, typically 0–45 °C for charging and −20–60 °C for discharging. Charging below 0 °C risks lithium plating; above the range the cell ages fast and may vent.", "unit": "°C", "related": [ "lithium-plating", "arrhenius", "thermal-management", "datasheet" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#temperature", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/operating-temperature/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:charger", "type": "Term", "label": "Charger", "properties": { "id": "charger", "name": "Charger", "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.", "related": [ "cc-cv-charging", "bms", "onboard-charger", "dc-fast-charging" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "visual:thermal", "type": "Visual", "label": "Heat approaches an equilibrium", "properties": { "title": "Heat approaches an equilibrium", "summary": "Thermal resistance sets the steady temperature rise; thermal mass sets the response time.", "readout": "Steady rise: 10 K. Time constant: 8.333 min.", "formula": "ΔT = P R_th [1 − exp(−t / (C_th R_th))]", "note": "C_th = 500 J/K, fixed ambient and heat input, uniform temperature.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "Analysis → Charge session supports optional lumped thermal behavior. This independent explanation uses a 500 J/K thermal mass and constant heat input; it is not an application simulation result.", "href": "https://design.lemonergy.com/" }, "html": "
Temperature above ambient
Temperature above ambientTime (min) versus Temperature rise (K). Lumped response. Interpretation follows the graphs.001515303045456060Time (min)Temperature rise (K)
Lumped response
" } } ] }