{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:potentiostat",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Potentiostat",
    "properties": {
      "id": "potentiostat",
      "name": "Potentiostat",
      "aka": [
        "galvanostat"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "An instrument that controls the potential of an electrode against a reference and measures the current, or the reverse as a galvanostat. It is the tool for electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and three-electrode experiments.",
      "related": [
        "cycler",
        "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
        "three-electrode-cell",
        "reference-electrode",
        "cyclic-voltammetry"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/potentiostat/",
      "mentions": [
        "impedance",
        "electrode"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:2621",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2622",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:cycler",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2623",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2624",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:three-electrode-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2625",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:reference-electrode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2626",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:cyclic-voltammetry",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/potentiostat/impedance",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:impedance",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/potentiostat/electrode",
      "source": "term:potentiostat",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cycler",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery cycler",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycler",
        "name": "Battery cycler",
        "aka": [
          "battery tester",
          "cycling channel"
        ],
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "The instrument that charges and discharges cells to a programmed schedule while logging voltage, current and temperature, with one independent channel per cell. Laboratory cyclers resolve microvolts; production formation cyclers handle thousands of cells at once.",
        "related": [
          "testing",
          "capacity-test",
          "potentiostat",
          "formation",
          "cycler-file-formats"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycler/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
        "name": "Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy",
        "abbr": "EIS",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Measuring a cell’s impedance across a range of frequencies, from kilohertz to millihertz, with a small alternating signal. The spectrum separates ohmic, interface and diffusion processes by their time scale and is read on a Nyquist plot.",
        "related": [
          "nyquist-plot",
          "impedance",
          "randles-circuit",
          "charge-transfer",
          "warburg-impedance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy/",
        "mentions": [
          "diffusion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:three-electrode-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Three-electrode cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "three-electrode-cell",
        "name": "Three-electrode cell",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "A full cell with an added reference electrode, so the potential of each working electrode can be tracked separately during cycling. It reveals, for instance, when the graphite potential drops below 0 V and plating begins.",
        "related": [
          "reference-electrode",
          "full-cell",
          "lithium-plating",
          "electrode-potential"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/three-electrode-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "working-and-counter-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:reference-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Reference electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "reference-electrode",
        "name": "Reference electrode",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "An electrode of stable, known potential against which another is measured. In lithium-ion work it is a piece of lithium metal, which defines the Li/Li⁺ scale; outside it the standard hydrogen electrode is the primary reference.",
        "related": [
          "three-electrode-cell",
          "electrode-potential",
          "standard-potential"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/reference-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "standard-hydrogen-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cyclic-voltammetry",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cyclic voltammetry",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cyclic-voltammetry",
        "name": "Cyclic voltammetry",
        "abbr": "CV",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Sweeping an electrode’s potential up and down at a fixed rate and recording the current, so each reaction shows as a peak at its potential. It is a materials-screening tool; in battery work the abbreviation CV more often means constant voltage.",
        "related": [
          "potentiostat",
          "half-cell",
          "constant-voltage",
          "electrode-potential"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cyclic-voltammetry/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:impedance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Impedance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "impedance",
        "name": "Impedance",
        "abbr": "Z",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The frequency-dependent generalisation of resistance, with a magnitude and a phase. A cell’s impedance separates ohmic, charge-transfer and diffusion contributions that a single DC resistance lumps together.",
        "unit": "Ω",
        "related": [
          "internal-resistance",
          "electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy",
          "nyquist-plot"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/impedance/",
        "mentions": [
          "diffusion"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}