{
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    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Oxidation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "oxidation",
      "name": "Oxidation",
      "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
      "definition": "Loss of electrons by a species. On discharge the negative electrode is oxidised as lithium leaves it as Li⁺, which is why that electrode is called the anode.",
      "related": [
        "reduction",
        "anode",
        "redox-reaction"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/oxidation/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "negative-electrode"
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  "edges": [
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      "source": "term:oxidation",
      "target": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1815",
      "source": "term:oxidation",
      "target": "term:reduction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
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      "id": "edge:1816",
      "source": "term:oxidation",
      "target": "term:anode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:1817",
      "source": "term:oxidation",
      "target": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:mentions/oxidation/electrode",
      "source": "term:oxidation",
      "target": "term:electrode",
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      "id": "topic:topic-electrochemistry",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "name": "Electrochemistry fundamentals",
        "lede": "The reactions and potentials that make a cell a battery.",
        "context": "Connect reaction sites and transport paths.",
        "example": "A circuit can predict terminal voltage while leaving electrode potentials and reaction kinetics unresolved.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
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      "id": "term:reduction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Reduction",
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        "id": "reduction",
        "name": "Reduction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "Gain of electrons by a species. On discharge the positive electrode is reduced as it takes up lithium ions and electrons, which is why it is called the cathode.",
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      "id": "term:anode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Anode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "anode",
        "name": "Anode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode where oxidation happens. On discharge that is the negative electrode; on charge it is the positive one. Battery makers nonetheless call the negative electrode “the anode” at all times, after its role on discharge.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "cathode",
          "oxidation",
          "graphite"
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          "title": "Check operating direction",
          "text": "During discharge, oxidation makes the negative electrode the anode. During charge, oxidation occurs at the positive electrode. Commercial names often retain the discharge convention."
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        "definition": "A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.",
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          "reduction",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/redox-reaction/",
        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
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        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
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          "positive-electrode",
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          "current-collector"
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        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
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    {
      "id": "term:negative-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Negative electrode",
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        "name": "Negative electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the lower potential, usually graphite on copper foil in a lithium-ion cell. It holds the lithium when the cell is charged and releases it on discharge, and industry calls it the anode.",
        "related": [
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          "graphite",
          "positive-electrode",
          "copper-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Keep the polarity name",
          "text": "Graphite remains the negative electrode during charge and discharge, while the anode/cathode reaction labels change with operating direction."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/negative-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
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}
