{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:over-discharge",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Over-discharge",
    "properties": {
      "id": "over-discharge",
      "name": "Over-discharge",
      "aka": [
        "deep discharge"
      ],
      "section": "topic-charging",
      "definition": "Discharging below the lower cutoff voltage. Near 1.5 V the copper current collector begins to dissolve, and on the next charge it can redeposit as metal that shorts the cell, so a deeply discharged cell should not simply be recharged.",
      "related": [
        "cutoff-voltage",
        "copper-dissolution",
        "internal-short-circuit",
        "bms",
        "low-voltage-disconnect"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/over-discharge/",
      "mentions": [
        "current-collector"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:1181",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1182",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "term:cutoff-voltage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1183",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "term:copper-dissolution",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1184",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "term:internal-short-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1185",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "term:bms",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1186",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/over-discharge/current-collector",
      "source": "term:over-discharge",
      "target": "term:current-collector",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging and discharging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-charging",
        "name": "Charging and discharging",
        "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
        "context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
        "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cutoff-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cutoff voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cutoff-voltage",
        "name": "Cutoff voltage",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The terminal-voltage limit that ends a discharge, or caps a charge — in constant-current, constant-voltage (CC-CV) charging the cell is then held at that voltage until the current falls to a cutoff. A real discharge ends at the lower cutoff, which is why actual runtime can differ from the ideal duration.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "voltage-window",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "ideal-duration",
          "over-discharge",
          "overcharge"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cutoff-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "service-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:copper-dissolution",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Copper dissolution",
      "properties": {
        "id": "copper-dissolution",
        "name": "Copper dissolution",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Oxidation of the copper current collector when a cell is over-discharged and the negative electrode’s potential rises too high. Dissolved copper redeposits on recharge as metallic filaments that can short the separator, which is why over-discharged cells are not simply recharged.",
        "related": [
          "over-discharge",
          "copper-foil",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "current-collector-corrosion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/copper-dissolution/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "current-collector",
          "separator",
          "oxidation"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:internal-short-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Internal short circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "internal-short-circuit",
        "name": "Internal short circuit",
        "abbr": "ISC",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "An unintended electronic path between the electrodes inside a cell — through a metal particle, a burr, a damaged separator or lithium deposits. It discharges the cell internally and turns its energy into local heat.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-runaway",
          "dendrite",
          "separator",
          "external-short-circuit",
          "self-discharge",
          "internal-short-trigger-device"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/internal-short-circuit/",
        "mentions": [
          "electronic-path",
          "burr",
          "metal-particle-contamination"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:bms",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "bms",
        "name": "Battery management system",
        "abbr": "BMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The electronics and software that keep a battery inside its safe window: measuring every cell voltage and many temperatures, estimating SOC and SOH, balancing cells, computing current limits, controlling the contactors and reporting over the vehicle network.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "cell-balancing",
          "state-of-power",
          "cell-supervision-circuit",
          "contactor",
          "can-bus"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/bms/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-health",
          "cell-voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:low-voltage-disconnect",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Low-voltage disconnect",
      "properties": {
        "id": "low-voltage-disconnect",
        "name": "Low-voltage disconnect",
        "abbr": "LVD",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "A cutoff that disconnects the load when battery voltage falls to a set point, protecting against over-discharge. In a lithium-ion pack the BMS performs it; in off-grid lead–acid systems it is a function of the charge controller.",
        "related": [
          "over-discharge",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "bms",
          "protection-circuit"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/low-voltage-disconnect/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:current-collector",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Current collector",
      "properties": {
        "id": "current-collector",
        "name": "Current collector",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The thin metal foil that carries electrons between an electrode and the external circuit — usually copper on the negative side and aluminium on the positive side.",
        "related": [
          "copper-foil",
          "aluminium-foil",
          "tab",
          "electronic-path"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow current to a tab",
          "text": "Current converges through foil toward the tab. The collector contributes mass and resistance without being the principal active material."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/current-collector/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}