{
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    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Oven test",
    "properties": {
      "id": "oven-test",
      "name": "Oven test",
      "aka": [
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        "heating test",
        "thermal abuse test"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "Heating a charged cell in an oven, typically at 5 °C/min to a set temperature such as the 130 °C of IEC 62133, and holding it there to check that it survives without fire or explosion. Hot-box variants keep heating until thermal runaway, showing how much margin the separator and chemistry provide.",
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        "thermal-runaway",
        "onset-temperature",
        "separator-shutdown",
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      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/oven-test/",
      "mentions": [
        "separator"
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    {
      "id": "edge:5410",
      "source": "term:oven-test",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:5411",
      "source": "term:oven-test",
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      "id": "edge:5412",
      "source": "term:oven-test",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:5413",
      "source": "term:oven-test",
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      "source": "term:oven-test",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
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      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Abuse testing",
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        "name": "Abuse testing",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Deliberately driving cells and packs beyond their limits — overcharge, crush, nail penetration, external short, heating, drop — to see how they fail. Standards define each test and rank the outcome on a hazard scale from no effect to explosion.",
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal runaway",
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        "name": "Thermal runaway",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Self-accelerating heating in a cell: heat speeds up reactions that release more heat, until the cell vents, catches fire or ruptures. An internal short, overcharge or external heating can trigger it.",
        "related": [
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      "id": "term:onset-temperature",
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      "label": "Onset temperature",
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        "id": "onset-temperature",
        "name": "Onset temperature",
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        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The temperature at which a cell begins to generate heat by itself, as the SEI starts to decompose, typically 80–120 °C. Measured in an accelerating rate calorimeter, it marks the start of the path to thermal runaway, not the runaway itself.",
        "unit": "°C",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:separator-shutdown",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Separator shutdown",
      "properties": {
        "id": "separator-shutdown",
        "name": "Separator shutdown",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "A built-in safety feature of polyolefin separators: around 130 °C the polyethylene layer melts and closes its pores, stopping ion flow and the current with it. It helps only if the separator does not also shrink and let the electrodes touch, so shutdown behavior is not universal.",
        "related": [
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:iec-62133",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62133",
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        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The safety standard for portable sealed cells and batteries, part 2 covering lithium systems. Passing it is a basic requirement for consumer products, and it is often the first safety certification a new cell obtains.",
        "related": [
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          "transport-regulations",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:separator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Separator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "separator",
        "name": "Separator",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A porous, electronically insulating film between the electrodes. Electrons cannot cross it; ions move through the electrolyte in its pores.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "ceramic-coated-separator",
          "separator-shutdown",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "porosity"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#separator",
        "example": {
          "title": "Different conduction paths",
          "text": "A separator prevents direct electronic contact while permitting ionic transport through its electrolyte-filled structure."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/separator/",
        "mentions": []
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}