{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:opportunity-charging",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Opportunity charging",
    "properties": {
      "id": "opportunity-charging",
      "name": "Opportunity charging",
      "aka": [
        "en-route charging",
        "terminus charging"
      ],
      "section": "topic-infrastructure",
      "definition": "Topping up a vehicle in short, high-power bursts wherever it stops anyway — a bus at its terminus or at stops, a forklift at breaks — instead of carrying enough energy for the whole day. It allows a smaller, lighter battery, at the price of frequent high-rate cycling and of chargers along the route.",
      "related": [
        "pantograph-charging",
        "depot-charging",
        "fast-charging",
        "electric-bus",
        "charge-acceptance",
        "inductive-charging"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/opportunity-charging/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:77",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "workflow:opportunity-window",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4428",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4429",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "term:pantograph-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4430",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "term:depot-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4431",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4432",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4433",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "term:charge-acceptance",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4434",
      "source": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "target": "term:inductive-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:opportunity-window",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Charge during available stops",
      "properties": {
        "id": "opportunity-window",
        "title": "Charge during available stops",
        "kind": "studio",
        "summary": "Availability is an independent signal.",
        "steps": [
          "Inspect availability and preferred windows.",
          "Shorten a stop."
        ],
        "example": "A 15-minute stop at a 100 kW grid cap has a 25 kWh upper grid-energy bound before losses and battery limits.",
        "observe": "More power cannot recover disconnected time.",
        "limits": "All battery and converter limits still apply. A schedule is not an electrochemical law.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=charging-opportunity",
        "label": "Open the Studio example",
        "evidence": [
          "js/charging-control.js",
          "js/charging-scenarios.js",
          "docs/CHARGING_BLOCKS_SPEC.md"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging infrastructure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-infrastructure",
        "name": "Charging infrastructure",
        "lede": "Where and how vehicles are charged: charging strategies, power levels, connectors and the protocols between vehicle and charger.",
        "context": "Separate compatibility from requested average power.",
        "example": "A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pantograph-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pantograph charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pantograph-charging",
        "name": "Pantograph charging",
        "aka": [
          "OppCharge",
          "SAE J3105"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Fast charging of a bus through an automatic contact on the roof — raised from the vehicle or lowered from a mast — at the terminus or en route, at 150–600 kW for a few minutes. It allows a smaller battery at the price of high-rate cycling and more infrastructure.",
        "related": [
          "electric-bus",
          "depot-charging",
          "fast-charging",
          "vdv-261",
          "charge-acceptance",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pantograph-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:depot-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Depot charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "depot-charging",
        "name": "Depot charging",
        "aka": [
          "overnight charging"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging a fleet of buses or trucks at the depot, usually overnight at 50–150 kW per vehicle, which keeps cell stress low and lets an energy-management system sequence the chargers against the site’s grid connection.",
        "related": [
          "electric-bus",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "energy-management-system",
          "vdv-261",
          "fast-charging",
          "smart-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/depot-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fast-charging",
        "name": "Fast charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "c-rate",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "thermal-management",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-bus",
        "name": "Electric bus",
        "abbr": "e-bus",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.",
        "related": [
          "depot-charging",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "vdv",
          "sort-cycle",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charge-acceptance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charge acceptance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charge-acceptance",
        "name": "Charge acceptance",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "How much of the current offered to a battery it can actually absorb at a given state of charge and temperature. It falls as the battery fills and as it cools, which is why regenerative braking and fast charging are limited by the battery rather than the source.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "regenerative-braking",
          "state-of-power",
          "derating"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charge-acceptance/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:inductive-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Inductive charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "inductive-charging",
        "name": "Inductive charging",
        "aka": [
          "wireless charging",
          "WPT",
          "SAE J2954"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging without a plug, through coupled coils in the ground and under the vehicle, at about 90 % efficiency when aligned. Static pads suit cars and buses at stops; dynamic charging in the road is in trials.",
        "related": [
          "opportunity-charging",
          "onboard-charger",
          "slow-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/inductive-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}