{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:onboard-charger",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Onboard charger",
    "properties": {
      "id": "onboard-charger",
      "name": "Onboard charger",
      "abbr": "OBC",
      "section": "topic-infrastructure",
      "definition": "The converter inside the vehicle that turns AC from a home or public socket into DC for the pack, typically rated 7–22 kW. DC fast chargers bypass it, which is why they can be so much more powerful.",
      "related": [
        "charger",
        "dc-fast-charging",
        "cc-cv-charging",
        "un-r10",
        "slow-charging"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/onboard-charger/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:105",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "workflow:charge-session",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3125",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3126",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3127",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "term:dc-fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3128",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3129",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "term:un-r10",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3130",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "term:slow-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3131",
      "source": "term:onboard-charger",
      "target": "reference:afdc-charging",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:charge-session",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Find the charge-time limit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charge-session",
        "title": "Find the charge-time limit",
        "kind": "protocol",
        "summary": "The separate Charge session compares power, current, acceptance and CV limits.",
        "steps": [
          "Select a rechargeable cell and pack.",
          "Open Analysis → Charge session; increase power."
        ],
        "example": "A 50 kW source at 400 V cannot deliver 50 kW through a 100 A ceiling; that current limit corresponds to 40 kW.",
        "observe": "Read the named limiting reason.",
        "limits": "This differs from the Studio network and requires cell resistance data and product access.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/",
        "label": "Open Design → Charge session",
        "evidence": [
          "js/charger.js"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-infrastructure",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging infrastructure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-infrastructure",
        "name": "Charging infrastructure",
        "lede": "Where and how vehicles are charged: charging strategies, power levels, connectors and the protocols between vehicle and charger.",
        "context": "Separate compatibility from requested average power.",
        "example": "A 100 kW model request does not establish real voltage, current, connector or negotiation compatibility.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dc-fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "DC fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dc-fast-charging",
        "name": "DC fast charging",
        "abbr": "DCFC",
        "aka": [
          "rapid charging",
          "HPC"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging from a station that supplies DC straight to the pack, bypassing the car’s onboard charger, at 50 kW to over 350 kW. The BMS, not the charger, sets the current from moment to moment, which is why the charge curve tapers as the pack fills.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "onboard-charger",
          "pack-voltage",
          "preconditioning",
          "charging-curve",
          "evse"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dc-fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CC-CV charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cc-cv-charging",
        "name": "CC-CV charging",
        "aka": [
          "constant current constant voltage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The standard lithium-ion charge protocol: constant current until the cell reaches its upper cutoff voltage, then that voltage held constant while the current tapers. The charge ends when the current falls to a set fraction, often C/20.",
        "related": [
          "constant-current",
          "constant-voltage",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "taper-current",
          "fast-charging",
          "cp-cv"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow a two-stage charge",
          "text": "For an illustrative 5 Ah cell, a 2.5 A current request is 0.5C. During CC the voltage rises. At the selected upper voltage, CV regulation holds voltage while current tapers. Completion requires the taper current to fall below the selected cutoff for the configured dwell."
        },
        "notes": [
          "Choose voltage, current and temperature limits from the actual cell specification. These example values do not define a charging recipe."
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cc-cv-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:un-r10",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN Regulation No. 10",
      "properties": {
        "id": "un-r10",
        "name": "UN Regulation No. 10",
        "abbr": "R10",
        "aka": [
          "ECE R10",
          "automotive EMC"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The UNECE electromagnetic-compatibility regulation for vehicles and their electronic sub-assemblies. A BMS or charger must show it neither emits interference nor fails under it, including while the vehicle is charging from the grid.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "charger",
          "un-r100",
          "onboard-charger"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-r10/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:slow-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "AC slow charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "slow-charging",
        "name": "AC slow charging",
        "aka": [
          "overnight charging",
          "destination charging",
          "Level 2"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Charging through the vehicle’s onboard charger from an AC socket or wallbox, at a few kilowatts up to 22 kW. It takes hours, keeps the cells cool and gently loaded, and is how most private cars are charged.",
        "related": [
          "onboard-charger",
          "charging-modes",
          "depot-charging",
          "sae-j1772"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/slow-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "evse"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:afdc-charging",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Electric Vehicle Charging Stations",
        "publisher": "U.S. Department of Energy, Alternative Fuels Data Center",
        "url": "https://afdc.energy.gov/fuels/electricity-stations",
        "type": "Technical explainer",
        "scope": "U.S. charging equipment levels, charging infrastructure and connector context. Regional terminology varies.",
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}