{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Non-linear voltammetry charging",
    "properties": {
      "id": "non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "name": "Non-linear voltammetry charging",
      "abbr": "NLV",
      "aka": [
        "nonlinear voltammetry charging",
        "NLV charging"
      ],
      "section": "topic-charging",
      "definition": "A fast-charging protocol from Rachid Yazami’s group in Singapore that never imposes a fixed current: the charger applies a rising series of short constant-voltage steps separated by brief rests, and the cell draws whatever current it accepts. Each step’s current decay decides when to move on; the developers report full charges in as little as 10 minutes.",
      "related": [
        "fast-charging",
        "constant-voltage",
        "relaxation",
        "cc-cv-charging",
        "pulse-charging",
        "adaptive-charging"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/non-linear-voltammetry-charging/",
      "mentions": [
        "charger"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6189",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6190",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6191",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:constant-voltage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6192",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:relaxation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6193",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6194",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:pulse-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6195",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:adaptive-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/non-linear-voltammetry-charging/charger",
      "source": "term:non-linear-voltammetry-charging",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-charging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Charging and discharging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-charging",
        "name": "Charging and discharging",
        "lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
        "context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
        "example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fast-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fast charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fast-charging",
        "name": "Fast charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-plating",
          "c-rate",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "thermal-management",
          "mscc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:constant-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Constant voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "constant-voltage",
        "name": "Constant voltage",
        "abbr": "CV",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "A charge stage in which the terminal voltage is held at a selected limit while the current is allowed to fall. The charge added during this stage and its duration depend on the cell, initial state, voltage limit and termination current.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "constant-current",
          "taper-current",
          "cutoff-voltage"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Read the taper correctly",
          "text": "In a hypothetical CV stage with a 4.0 V ceiling, the controller holds terminal voltage at that ceiling while current tapers as the cell state changes and its OCV rises. A voltage plateau does not mean the charge session has completed; the current cutoff and dwell still matter."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/constant-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "voltage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:relaxation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Relaxation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "relaxation",
        "name": "Relaxation",
        "aka": [
          "rest"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The slow recovery of a cell’s voltage towards open-circuit voltage after current stops, as concentration gradients inside the electrodes level out. It takes minutes to hours, which is why OCV measurements need a rest period.",
        "related": [
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "polarization",
          "diffusion",
          "hppc",
          "voltage-relaxation-analysis"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/relaxation/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cc-cv-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CC-CV charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cc-cv-charging",
        "name": "CC-CV charging",
        "aka": [
          "constant current constant voltage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The standard lithium-ion charge protocol: constant current until the cell reaches its upper cutoff voltage, then that voltage held constant while the current tapers. The charge ends when the current falls to a set fraction, often C/20.",
        "related": [
          "constant-current",
          "constant-voltage",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "taper-current",
          "fast-charging",
          "cp-cv"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
        "example": {
          "title": "Follow a two-stage charge",
          "text": "For an illustrative 5 Ah cell, a 2.5 A current request is 0.5C. During CC the voltage rises. At the selected upper voltage, CV regulation holds voltage while current tapers. Completion requires the taper current to fall below the selected cutoff for the configured dwell."
        },
        "notes": [
          "Choose voltage, current and temperature limits from the actual cell specification. These example values do not define a charging recipe."
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cc-cv-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pulse-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pulse charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pulse-charging",
        "name": "Pulse charging",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging with current pulses separated by rests or short discharges, intended to let concentration gradients relax and reduce plating. Benefits for lithium-ion are modest and depend on the cell; it is not standard practice.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "lithium-plating",
          "relaxation"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Separate peak from average current",
          "text": "A 4 A charge pulse that is on for 10 s and off for 10 s has a 2 A average over one full period. Its peak current is still 4 A. Matching average current alone does not match instantaneous heating or electrochemical response."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pulse-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:adaptive-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Adaptive charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "adaptive-charging",
        "name": "Adaptive charging",
        "aka": [
          "optimised charging",
          "optimized battery charging",
          "intelligent charging"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Charging whose current and voltage limits adjust in real time to what the battery can safely take — its temperature, state of charge, health or impedance — or to when it is needed. Phones that hold at 80 % overnight and finish shortly before the owner wakes are an everyday example; vehicle chargers use the same idea against lithium plating.",
        "related": [
          "mscc",
          "lithium-plating",
          "state-of-health",
          "smart-charging",
          "storage-soc",
          "non-linear-voltammetry-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/adaptive-charging/",
        "mentions": [
          "impedance",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}