{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:nmp",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "NMP",
    "properties": {
      "id": "nmp",
      "name": "NMP",
      "aka": [
        "N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "The solvent that dissolves PVDF binder for positive-electrode slurries. It is toxic and regulated, so plants recover and distil nearly all of it; eliminating it is a main motivation for dry electrode processes.",
      "related": [
        "pvdf",
        "slurry",
        "solvent-recovery",
        "dry-electrode"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nmp/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "binder"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:2303",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2304",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2305",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "term:slurry",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2306",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "term:solvent-recovery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2307",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "term:dry-electrode",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/nmp/electrode",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "id": "edge:mentions/nmp/binder",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "term:binder",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
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      "id": "edge:2310",
      "source": "term:nmp",
      "target": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pvdf",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "PVDF",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pvdf",
        "name": "PVDF",
        "aka": [
          "polyvinylidene fluoride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The fluoropolymer binder used in most positive electrodes. It dissolves only in solvents such as NMP, which is why positive-electrode slurries are solvent-based and need solvent recovery in the plant.",
        "related": [
          "binder",
          "nmp",
          "coating",
          "dry-electrode"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pvdf/",
        "mentions": [
          "solvent-recovery"
        ]
      }
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    {
      "id": "term:slurry",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Slurry",
      "properties": {
        "id": "slurry",
        "name": "Slurry",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The mixture of active material, conductive carbon, binder and solvent that is coated onto a current-collector foil to make an electrode. Positive slurries use NMP as solvent; graphite slurries are water-based.",
        "related": [
          "mixing",
          "coating",
          "nmp",
          "binder",
          "solids-content"
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        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "active-material",
          "graphite",
          "conductive-additive"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:solvent-recovery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solvent recovery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "solvent-recovery",
        "name": "Solvent recovery",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Condensing the NMP evaporated in the dryer and distilling it for reuse. It is required by law for emissions and makes economic sense, but adds a large plant alongside the coating line.",
        "related": [
          "nmp",
          "drying",
          "dry-electrode"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/solvent-recovery/",
        "mentions": [
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dry-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dry electrode process",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dry-electrode",
        "name": "Dry electrode process",
        "aka": [
          "dry coating",
          "solvent-free electrode"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "A way of making electrodes without solvent: the powders are mixed with a binder that draws out into fine fibres under shear, and the resulting film is pressed onto the foil. It removes the slurry, the dryer and solvent recovery.",
        "related": [
          "ptfe",
          "nmp",
          "drying",
          "coating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#electrodes",
        "example": {
          "title": "Keep process scope clear",
          "text": "A solvent-free electrode step does not make every other assembly and finishing step solvent-free or unnecessary."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dry-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "binder",
          "slurry",
          "solvent-recovery"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:binder",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Binder",
      "properties": {
        "id": "binder",
        "name": "Binder",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A polymer that holds electrode particles to each other and to the foil — typically PVDF for positive electrodes and CMC with SBR for graphite. It stores no charge, so cell designers use as little as the electrode needs.",
        "related": [
          "active-material",
          "conductive-additive",
          "slurry",
          "pvdf",
          "nmp",
          "paa"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#composite",
        "example": {
          "title": "Balance coating functions",
          "text": "Increasing binder fraction at fixed coating mass leaves less mass for active material and conductive additive. Adhesion and capacity are separate design considerations."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/binder/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "cmc",
          "sbr"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}