{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:nickel-cadmium",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Nickel–cadmium battery",
    "properties": {
      "id": "nickel-cadmium",
      "name": "Nickel–cadmium battery",
      "abbr": "NiCd",
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell, rugged and able to deliver very high currents, but containing toxic cadmium and prone to the memory effect. It is now restricted in most consumer uses and survives in aviation and emergency lighting.",
      "related": [
        "memory-effect",
        "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "recycling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-cadmium/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:794",
      "source": "term:nickel-cadmium",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:795",
      "source": "term:nickel-cadmium",
      "target": "term:memory-effect",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:796",
      "source": "term:nickel-cadmium",
      "target": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:797",
      "source": "term:nickel-cadmium",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:memory-effect",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Memory effect",
      "properties": {
        "id": "memory-effect",
        "name": "Memory effect",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "A loss of usable capacity in nickel–cadmium cells repeatedly recharged from the same partial state. Lithium-ion cells do not show it in any practical sense, though LFP has a small related voltage memory.",
        "related": [
          "nickel-cadmium",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "lfp"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/memory-effect/",
        "mentions": [
          "usable-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nickel-metal-hydride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nickel-metal-hydride",
        "name": "Nickel–metal hydride battery",
        "abbr": "NiMH",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 1.2 V aqueous cell with a nickel hydroxide positive electrode and a hydrogen-absorbing alloy negative. It powered hybrid cars for two decades and is tolerant of abuse, but lithium-ion stores two to three times more energy per kilogram.",
        "related": [
          "hybrid-vehicle",
          "memory-effect",
          "specific-energy",
          "bipolar-battery",
          "nickel-hydrogen"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nickel-metal-hydride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}