{ "node": { "id": "term:module", "type": "Term", "label": "Module", "properties": { "id": "module", "name": "Module", "section": "topic-pack", "definition": "A group of cells connected in series and parallel, mechanically held together with its own voltage and temperature sensing, built as the unit from which a pack is assembled and serviced. Cell-to-pack designs do away with it.", "related": [ "cell", "pack", "series-parallel", "cell-to-pack", "cell-supervision-circuit" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/module/", "mentions": [] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:2800", "source": "term:module", "target": "topic:topic-pack", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:2801", "source": "term:module", "target": "term:cell", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2802", "source": "term:module", "target": "term:pack", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2803", "source": "term:module", "target": "term:series-parallel", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2804", "source": "term:module", "target": "term:cell-to-pack", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2805", "source": "term:module", "target": "term:cell-supervision-circuit", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:2806", "source": "term:module", "target": "lesson:fundamentals/battery-basics/", "type": "explainedIn", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack" } }, { "id": "edge:2807", "source": "term:module", "target": "visual:pack", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "topic:topic-pack", "type": "Topic", "label": "Modules, packs and battery management", "properties": { "id": "topic-pack", "name": "Modules, packs and battery management", "lede": "From a single cell to a working battery system, and the electronics that keep it safe.", "context": "Make series/parallel architecture explicit.", "example": "Twelve 3.6 V, 5 Ah cells in 6s2p give 21.6 V, 10 Ah and 216 Wh nominally before other restrictions.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/", "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture" } }, { "id": "term:cell", "type": "Term", "label": "Cell", "properties": { "id": "cell", "name": "Cell", "section": "topic-components", "definition": "The smallest complete electrochemical unit: two electrodes, a separator and electrolyte in one sealed case, with two terminals. Everything larger — module, pack, system — is cells connected together.", "related": [ "module", "pack", "electrode", "cylindrical-cell", "pouch-cell", "prismatic-cell" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack", "example": { "title": "Cell versus pack", "text": "Six identical cells in series add their voltages, but do not multiply ampere-hour capacity." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell/", "mentions": [ "separator", "electrolyte" ] } }, { "id": "term:pack", "type": "Term", "label": "Battery pack", "properties": { "id": "pack", "name": "Battery pack", "section": "topic-pack", "definition": "The complete battery as installed: modules or cells, the BMS, contactors and fuses, busbars, cooling, sensors and an enclosure. Its energy is the sum of its cells’ energies; its mass and volume are a good deal more.", "related": [ "module", "bms", "battery-disconnect-unit", "thermal-management", "cell-to-pack-ratio", "enclosure" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack", "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pack/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:series-parallel", "type": "Term", "label": "Series and parallel connection", "properties": { "id": "series-parallel", "name": "Series and parallel connection", "aka": [ "xSyP" ], "section": "topic-pack", "definition": "Cells in series add their voltages; cells in parallel add their capacities and share current. A pack is described as, for example, 96s4p: 96 groups in series, each of 4 cells in parallel. Series strings need balancing; parallel groups self-balance through their shared terminals.", "formula": "V = n_s·V_cell, Q = n_p·Q_cell", "related": [ "module", "cell-balancing", "pack-voltage", "volt", "fuse" ], "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#cell-module-pack", "example": { "title": "Assemble an ideal 4s2p pack", "text": "Eight identical 3.6 V, 5 Ah cells arranged as four series groups with two cells in parallel give 14.4 V nominal, 10 Ah and 144 Wh. Interconnect losses, cell variation and usable voltage limits are additional constraints." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/series-parallel/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:cell-to-pack", "type": "Term", "label": "Cell-to-pack", "properties": { "id": "cell-to-pack", "name": "Cell-to-pack", "abbr": "CTP", "section": "topic-pack", "definition": "Building the pack directly from cells without the intermediate module, using large-format cells that bear load themselves. It raises the cell-to-pack ratio and cuts parts, at the cost of making the pack harder to service.", "related": [ "module", "cell-to-pack-ratio", "cell-to-chassis", "blade-cell", "ab-battery-system" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-to-pack/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:cell-supervision-circuit", "type": "Term", "label": "Cell supervision circuit", "properties": { "id": "cell-supervision-circuit", "name": "Cell supervision circuit", "abbr": "CSC", "aka": [ "cell monitoring unit", "CMU", "slave BMS" ], "section": "topic-pack", "definition": "The board on each module that measures its cell voltages and temperatures and switches its balancing resistors, reporting to the central BMS controller. It is usually built around a dedicated monitoring chip and linked by isoSPI or CAN.", "related": [ "bms", "cell-balancing", "isospi", "voltage-sense", "afe", "wireless-bms" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-supervision-circuit/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "lesson:fundamentals/battery-basics/", "type": "Lesson", "label": "Lesson 0 · Battery basics", "properties": { "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/" } }, { "id": "visual:pack", "type": "Visual", "label": "Series voltage and parallel capacity", "properties": { "title": "Series voltage and parallel capacity", "summary": "Count series and parallel connections separately.", "readout": "4S2P: 8 cells, 14.8 V, 10 Ah, 148 Wh.", "formula": "V_pack = Ns V_cell; Q_pack = Np Q_cell", "note": "Identical 3.7 V, 5 Ah cells; ideal equal current sharing and no losses.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "Ideal pack ratings use V_pack = Ns V_cell and Q_pack = Np Q_cell. The core energy helper can multiply these ratings. Imbalance and current sharing require additional models.", "href": "../fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/" }, "html": "
Voltage along one series string
Voltage along one series stringSeries cells versus Voltage (V). 3.7 V per cell. Interpretation follows the graphs.0011.1322.2633.3944.412Series cellsVoltage (V)
3.7 V per cell
\n
Capacity from parallel cells
Capacity from parallel cellsParallel cells versus Capacity (Ah). 5 Ah per cell. Interpretation follows the graphs.007.51.515322.54.5306Parallel cellsCapacity (Ah)
5 Ah per cell
" } } ] }