{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:mid-nickel",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Mid-nickel cathode",
    "properties": {
      "id": "mid-nickel",
      "name": "Mid-nickel cathode",
      "aka": [
        "mid-Ni",
        "high-voltage mid-nickel",
        "NMC532",
        "NMC622"
      ],
      "section": "topic-chemistries",
      "definition": "An NMC with roughly 50–70 % nickel, such as NMC532 or NMC622. Charging it to higher cut-off voltages, about 4.3–4.4 V and often as single crystals, recovers much of the capacity of high-nickel grades while keeping better thermal stability, lower cost and longer life — a common compromise for mainstream EV cells.",
      "related": [
        "nmc",
        "high-nickel",
        "single-crystal",
        "layered-oxide",
        "voltage-window"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mid-nickel/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6061",
      "source": "term:mid-nickel",
      "target": "topic:topic-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6062",
      "source": "term:mid-nickel",
      "target": "term:nmc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6063",
      "source": "term:mid-nickel",
      "target": "term:high-nickel",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6064",
      "source": "term:mid-nickel",
      "target": "term:single-crystal",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6065",
      "source": "term:mid-nickel",
      "target": "term:layered-oxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6066",
      "source": "term:mid-nickel",
      "target": "term:voltage-window",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-chemistries",
        "name": "Lithium-ion chemistries and cell formats",
        "lede": "The electrode materials that define a lithium-ion cell, the crystal structures behind them, and the shapes cells are built in.",
        "context": "Separate chemistry from form factor.",
        "example": "Two cylindrical cells can share dimensions yet differ in cathode, capacity and current limits.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:nmc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "NMC",
      "properties": {
        "id": "nmc",
        "name": "NMC",
        "aka": [
          "NCM",
          "nickel manganese cobalt oxide",
          "LiNiMnCoO₂"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A family of layered-oxide positive electrode materials, LiNiₓMnᵧCo₁₋ₓ₋ᵧO₂, used in many electric-vehicle cells. Variants are named by their metal ratio: NMC811 has eight parts nickel to one each of manganese and cobalt.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "high-nickel",
          "nca",
          "lfp",
          "cobalt"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Read the composition label",
          "text": "NMC811 denotes nominal nickel:manganese:cobalt proportions of 8:1:1 in the transition-metal component, not 80% nickel by whole-cell mass."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/nmc/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:high-nickel",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "High-nickel cathode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "high-nickel",
        "name": "High-nickel cathode",
        "aka": [
          "Ni-rich"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A layered oxide with 80 % or more nickel, such as NMC811 or NCA. Nickel raises capacity and lowers cobalt content, but the material is less thermally stable, more sensitive to moisture and ages faster at high voltage.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "nca",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "cei",
          "mid-nickel"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/high-nickel/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "layered-oxide"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:single-crystal",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Single-crystal cathode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "single-crystal",
        "name": "Single-crystal cathode",
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "Positive-electrode powder made of individual micron-sized crystals rather than agglomerates of many small grains. With no internal grain boundaries to crack open, it resists particle cracking and gassing and lasts longer at high voltage.",
        "related": [
          "particle-cracking",
          "high-nickel",
          "cathode-active-material"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/single-crystal/",
        "mentions": [
          "gas-generation",
          "coating-defects"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:layered-oxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Layered oxide",
      "properties": {
        "id": "layered-oxide",
        "name": "Layered oxide",
        "abbr": "LTMO",
        "aka": [
          "layered transition-metal oxide",
          "α-NaFeO₂ structure",
          "O3 structure",
          "P2 structure"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "The crystal structure of LCO, NMC and NCA: close-packed oxygen layers with lithium and transition-metal ions in alternate layers of octahedral sites, so lithium moves in two-dimensional sheets. The structure offers high capacity and voltage but can distort or mix cations when deeply delithiated. Sodium versions are labelled O3 or P2 by their stacking.",
        "related": [
          "nmc",
          "lco",
          "nca",
          "structural-degradation",
          "spinel-structure",
          "sodium-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/layered-oxide/",
        "mentions": [
          "stacking"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:voltage-window",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Voltage window",
      "properties": {
        "id": "voltage-window",
        "name": "Voltage window",
        "aka": [
          "operating voltage range"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The range between a cell’s lower and upper cutoff voltages, such as 2.5–4.2 V for an NMC/graphite cell. Staying inside it is what keeps the electrodes and electrolyte from degrading quickly.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "overcharge",
          "over-discharge",
          "electrochemical-stability-window"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/voltage-window/",
        "mentions": [
          "graphite",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}