{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:microgrid",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Microgrid",
    "properties": {
      "id": "microgrid",
      "name": "Microgrid",
      "aka": [
        "mini-grid"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "A local network of loads, generators and storage — a campus, an island, a military base — that can run connected to the main grid or on its own. The battery is usually what makes islanded operation possible, forming the voltage and frequency and covering the gap while generators start or solar output dips.",
      "related": [
        "islanding",
        "stationary-storage",
        "inverter",
        "energy-management-system",
        "behind-the-meter"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/microgrid/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6829",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6830",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "term:islanding",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6831",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6832",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "term:inverter",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6833",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6834",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6835",
      "source": "term:microgrid",
      "target": "reference:doe-storage",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:islanding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Islanding",
      "properties": {
        "id": "islanding",
        "name": "Islanding",
        "aka": [
          "island mode",
          "anti-islanding",
          "intentional islanding"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Part of the network, such as a house with solar and a battery, staying energised while disconnected from the main grid. Intentional islanding, behind a transfer switch with a grid-forming inverter, provides backup power; unintentional islanding endangers line workers, so IEEE 1547 requires inverters to detect it and cease energising the grid within two seconds.",
        "related": [
          "microgrid",
          "inverter",
          "smart-load-panel",
          "stationary-storage",
          "vehicle-to-everything"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/islanding/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:inverter",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Inverter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "inverter",
        "name": "Inverter",
        "aka": [
          "power conversion system",
          "PCS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The power electronics that turn the battery’s DC into AC for a motor or the grid, and back again for charging. In stationary storage it is called the power conversion system and its rating in kW or MW sets the system’s power independently of the battery’s energy.",
        "related": [
          "pre-charge",
          "dc-dc-converter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-management-system",
          "direct-current",
          "iec-62477-1"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/inverter/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-management-system",
        "name": "Energy management system",
        "abbr": "EMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "inverter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "modbus",
          "energy-arbitrage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-management-system/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:behind-the-meter",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "behind-the-meter",
        "name": "Behind-the-meter and front-of-the-meter",
        "abbr": "BTM, FTM",
        "aka": [
          "behind the meter",
          "front of the meter",
          "utility-scale storage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Where a storage system sits relative to the customer’s electricity meter. Behind-the-meter batteries in homes, shops and factories serve the site first — solar self-consumption, backup, cutting demand charges; front-of-the-meter systems connect directly to the grid and earn from wholesale trading and grid services at utility scale.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "frequency-regulation",
          "virtual-power-plant",
          "microgrid"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/behind-the-meter/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:doe-storage",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA",
      "properties": {
        "title": "DOE/EPRI 2013 Electricity Storage Handbook in Collaboration with NRECA",
        "publisher": "Sandia National Laboratories",
        "url": "https://www.sandia.gov/ess/publications/eshb/doe-epri-nreca",
        "type": "Technical handbook",
        "scope": "Storage technologies and grid services. The publisher notes that its historical cost and deployment figures are outdated.",
        "year": 2013,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}