{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:low-voltage-directive",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Low Voltage Directive",
    "properties": {
      "id": "low-voltage-directive",
      "name": "Low Voltage Directive",
      "aka": [
        "LVD",
        "Directive 2014/35/EU"
      ],
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The EU safety directive for electrical equipment rated 50–1000 V AC or 75–1500 V DC, covering protection against electric shock, overheating and fire. Chargers, wallboxes, inverters and grid-connected storage cabinets carry the CE mark partly on its basis, alongside the Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive.",
      "related": [
        "conformity-assessment",
        "electromagnetic-compatibility-directive",
        "evse",
        "inverter",
        "stationary-storage"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/low-voltage-directive/",
      "mentions": [
        "electromagnetic-compatibility"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:6999",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
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    {
      "id": "edge:7000",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
      "target": "term:conformity-assessment",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7001",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
      "target": "term:electromagnetic-compatibility-directive",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7002",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
      "target": "term:evse",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7003",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
      "target": "term:inverter",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7004",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
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      "id": "edge:mentions/low-voltage-directive/electromagnetic-compatibility",
      "source": "term:low-voltage-directive",
      "target": "term:electromagnetic-compatibility",
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      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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        "field": "definition",
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    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
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    {
      "id": "term:conformity-assessment",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Conformity assessment and CE marking",
      "properties": {
        "id": "conformity-assessment",
        "name": "Conformity assessment and CE marking",
        "abbr": "CE",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The procedure by which a manufacturer shows a battery meets the EU Battery Regulation — safety, performance, durability and labelling — before affixing the CE mark. For EV and industrial batteries a notified body is involved; the Regulation replaces the Low Voltage Directive route the old rules used.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "iec-62133",
          "iec-62619",
          "due-diligence"
        ],
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        "mentions": [
          "low-voltage-directive"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electromagnetic-compatibility-directive",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electromagnetic-compatibility-directive",
        "name": "Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive",
        "aka": [
          "EMC Directive",
          "Directive 2014/30/EU"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The EU directive requiring electrical and electronic equipment neither to emit electromagnetic disturbance above set limits nor to malfunction when exposed to it. Chargers, inverters and battery management electronics in stationary storage are tested to harmonised standards under it, while road vehicles and their components are approved under UN Regulation No. 10 instead.",
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          "electromagnetic-compatibility",
          "low-voltage-directive",
          "conformity-assessment",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electromagnetic-compatibility-directive/",
        "mentions": [
          "stationary-storage"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:evse",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric vehicle supply equipment",
      "properties": {
        "id": "evse",
        "name": "Electric vehicle supply equipment",
        "abbr": "EVSE",
        "aka": [
          "charging station",
          "charge point",
          "wallbox"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "The charging equipment between the grid and the vehicle: an AC wallbox that only switches and protects the supply, or a DC charger that also converts it. It enforces the current limit, ground-fault protection and communication with the vehicle.",
        "related": [
          "charging-modes",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "control-pilot",
          "ocpp",
          "evcc"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/evse/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:inverter",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Inverter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "inverter",
        "name": "Inverter",
        "aka": [
          "power conversion system",
          "PCS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The power electronics that turn the battery’s DC into AC for a motor or the grid, and back again for charging. In stationary storage it is called the power conversion system and its rating in kW or MW sets the system’s power independently of the battery’s energy.",
        "related": [
          "pre-charge",
          "dc-dc-converter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-management-system",
          "direct-current",
          "iec-62477-1"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/inverter/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electromagnetic-compatibility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electromagnetic compatibility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electromagnetic-compatibility",
        "name": "Electromagnetic compatibility",
        "aka": [
          "EMC",
          "electromagnetic interference",
          "EMI"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The ability of electronics to work without disturbing other equipment or being disturbed by it. A BMS must keep its own emissions low and keep measuring cell voltages accurately next to an inverter switching hundreds of amperes; vehicles prove it under UN R10, with filtering, shielding and layout as the tools.",
        "related": [
          "un-r10",
          "emi-filter",
          "bms",
          "inverter",
          "wiring-harness",
          "iec-61000-6"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electromagnetic-compatibility/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}