{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Loss of lithium inventory",
    "properties": {
      "id": "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "name": "Loss of lithium inventory",
      "abbr": "LLI",
      "section": "topic-aging",
      "definition": "The degradation mode in which cyclable lithium is consumed by side reactions — SEI growth, plating, electrolyte decomposition — and can no longer shuttle between the electrodes. It is the dominant cause of capacity fade in most lithium-ion cells.",
      "related": [
        "sei",
        "lithium-plating",
        "capacity-fade",
        "loss-of-active-material",
        "coulombic-efficiency"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/loss-of-lithium-inventory/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrolyte",
        "aging-mechanism",
        "electrolyte-decomposition"
      ]
    }
  },
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      "id": "edge:1407",
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    {
      "id": "edge:1408",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:sei",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1409",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:lithium-plating",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:1410",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:capacity-fade",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:1411",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:loss-of-active-material",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:1412",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:coulombic-efficiency",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:mentions/loss-of-lithium-inventory/electrolyte",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:electrolyte",
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    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/loss-of-lithium-inventory/aging-mechanism",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:aging-mechanism",
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      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "term:electrolyte-decomposition",
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    {
      "id": "edge:1416",
      "source": "term:loss-of-lithium-inventory",
      "target": "reference:edge-degradation",
      "type": "cites",
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        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
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    {
      "id": "topic:topic-aging",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Aging and degradation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-aging",
        "name": "Aging and degradation",
        "lede": "Why a cell loses capacity and gains resistance, and the mechanisms behind it.",
        "context": "Separate mechanisms, observations and fitted models.",
        "example": "Capacity loss and resistance rise can have different causes; a film-growth curve cannot identify both.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open aging"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sei",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solid–electrolyte interphase",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sei",
        "name": "Solid–electrolyte interphase",
        "abbr": "SEI",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A film of electrolyte reaction products on the negative-electrode particles — graphite, and also silicon or lithium metal. It protects the electrode from further reaction but grows slowly for the whole life of the cell, consuming cyclable lithium.",
        "related": [
          "passivation",
          "formation",
          "calendar-aging",
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "cei"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#sei",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sei/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-plating",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium plating",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-plating",
        "name": "Lithium plating",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.",
        "related": [
          "dendrite",
          "fast-charging",
          "intercalation",
          "np-ratio",
          "dead-lithium",
          "electrodeposition"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#plating",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-plating/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:capacity-fade",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Capacity fade",
      "properties": {
        "id": "capacity-fade",
        "name": "Capacity fade",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "The loss of charge a cell can store and deliver, for example through lithium locked into the SEI or active material that has cracked out of service.",
        "related": [
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "loss-of-active-material",
          "state-of-health",
          "knee-point"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#chain",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/capacity-fade/",
        "mentions": [
          "active-material",
          "sei"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:loss-of-active-material",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Loss of active material",
      "properties": {
        "id": "loss-of-active-material",
        "name": "Loss of active material",
        "abbr": "LAM",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "The degradation mode in which electrode material becomes unable to store lithium: particles crack and lose electronic contact, structures collapse, or transition metals dissolve. It is tracked separately for each electrode.",
        "related": [
          "particle-cracking",
          "transition-metal-dissolution",
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "capacity-fade"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/loss-of-active-material/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "aging-mechanism"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coulombic-efficiency",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coulombic efficiency",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coulombic-efficiency",
        "name": "Coulombic efficiency",
        "abbr": "CE",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Charge delivered on discharge divided by charge put in on the previous charge. A healthy lithium-ion cell exceeds 99.9 %; the missing fraction is lithium lost to side reactions, so CE is an early and sensitive aging signal.",
        "formula": "CE = Q_discharge / Q_charge",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "energy-efficiency",
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "sei",
          "formation"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare charge in and charge out",
          "text": "If a defined test charges 5.00 Ah and subsequently discharges 4.95 Ah over the chosen voltage window, its coulombic efficiency is 99%. This ratio alone does not include voltage-related energy loss."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coulombic-efficiency/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:aging-mechanism",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Aging mechanism",
      "properties": {
        "id": "aging-mechanism",
        "name": "Aging mechanism",
        "aka": [
          "degradation mode"
        ],
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A specific physical or chemical process that degrades a cell — SEI growth, lithium plating, particle cracking, transition-metal dissolution. Mechanisms are grouped into three modes: loss of lithium inventory, loss of active material and resistance increase.",
        "related": [
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "loss-of-active-material",
          "impedance-rise",
          "aging"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#where",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/aging-mechanism/",
        "mentions": [
          "active-material",
          "sei",
          "lithium-plating",
          "particle-cracking",
          "transition-metal-dissolution"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte-decomposition",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte decomposition",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte-decomposition",
        "name": "Electrolyte decomposition",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "Reduction of the electrolyte at the negative electrode and oxidation at the positive, outside its stability window. A little is useful — it builds the SEI — but continued decomposition consumes lithium, dries the cell and makes gas.",
        "related": [
          "sei",
          "cei",
          "electrochemical-stability-window",
          "gas-generation",
          "electrolyte-dry-out"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte-decomposition/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "electrolyte",
          "oxidation",
          "reduction"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:edge-degradation",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Lithium ion battery degradation: what you need to know",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Lithium ion battery degradation: what you need to know",
        "publisher": "Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1039/D1CP00359C",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Degradation mechanisms, modes, operational effects and their interactions.",
        "year": 2021,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}