{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:lixiviant",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Lixiviant",
    "properties": {
      "id": "lixiviant",
      "name": "Lixiviant",
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "The liquid used to dissolve metals in leaching. In battery recycling it is usually sulfuric acid, sometimes hydrochloric or an organic acid, and water for some lithium iron phosphate routes.",
      "related": [
        "leaching",
        "reducing-agent",
        "pregnant-leach-solution",
        "deep-eutectic-solvent"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lixiviant/",
      "mentions": [
        "lfp",
        "recycling"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:lixiviant/topic:topic-recycling",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lixiviant/term:leaching",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "term:leaching",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lixiviant/term:reducing-agent",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "term:reducing-agent",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lixiviant/term:pregnant-leach-solution",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "term:pregnant-leach-solution",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:lixiviant/term:deep-eutectic-solvent",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "term:deep-eutectic-solvent",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lixiviant/lfp",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "term:lfp",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lixiviant/recycling",
      "source": "term:lixiviant",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:leaching",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Leaching",
      "properties": {
        "id": "leaching",
        "name": "Leaching",
        "aka": [
          "acid leaching",
          "reductive leaching"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Dissolving the metals in black mass, usually in sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent so cobalt and manganese go into solution as their more soluble lower oxidation state. The leach liquor carries lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese, plus impurities such as copper and aluminium.",
        "related": [
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "black-mass",
          "solvent-extraction",
          "impurity-removal",
          "bioleaching",
          "deep-eutectic-solvent"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/leaching/",
        "mentions": [
          "oxidation",
          "cobalt",
          "pregnant-leach-solution",
          "reducing-agent",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:reducing-agent",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Reducing agent",
      "properties": {
        "id": "reducing-agent",
        "name": "Reducing agent",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "aka": [
          "reductant"
        ],
        "definition": "A substance that gives up electrons in a reaction. In leaching black mass, hydrogen peroxide is added as a reducing agent so cobalt and manganese go from their oxidised states in the cathode to the divalent state that dissolves readily. In smelting, carbon plays the same part.",
        "related": [
          "leaching",
          "lixiviant",
          "smelting"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/reducing-agent/",
        "mentions": [
          "cathode",
          "cobalt",
          "black-mass",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pregnant-leach-solution",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pregnant leach solution",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pregnant-leach-solution",
        "name": "Pregnant leach solution",
        "abbr": "PLS",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "aka": [
          "leach liquor"
        ],
        "definition": "The solution that leaves the leach carrying the dissolved metals: lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese, with copper, iron and aluminium as impurities. It is filtered from the leach residue and purified before the metals are separated.",
        "related": [
          "leaching",
          "lixiviant",
          "impurity-removal",
          "solvent-extraction",
          "filter-press"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pregnant-leach-solution/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:deep-eutectic-solvent",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Deep eutectic solvent",
      "properties": {
        "id": "deep-eutectic-solvent",
        "name": "Deep eutectic solvent",
        "abbr": "DES",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "A mixture of two cheap compounds, such as choline chloride and urea, that melts far below either component and can dissolve metal oxides. It is studied as a milder, recyclable leaching medium for cathode materials.",
        "related": [
          "leaching",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/deep-eutectic-solvent/",
        "mentions": [
          "cathode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lfp",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "LFP",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lfp",
        "name": "LFP",
        "aka": [
          "lithium iron phosphate",
          "LiFePO₄"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A positive electrode material, LiFePO₄, giving cells a nominal voltage around 3.2 V, long cycle life and good thermal stability, but less energy per kilogram than nickel-rich oxides. Its flat voltage curve makes state of charge hard to read from voltage alone.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "nmc",
          "lmfp",
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "cycle-life"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#voltage",
        "example": {
          "title": "Chemistry is not the whole datasheet",
          "text": "Two LFP products can differ in format, loading, capacity and current limits. Their cathode family alone does not make them interchangeable."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lfp/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "discharge-curve",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}