{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Lithium–carbon monofluoride cell",
    "properties": {
      "id": "lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "name": "Lithium–carbon monofluoride cell",
      "abbr": "Li–CFx",
      "aka": [
        "Li/CFx",
        "BR cell",
        "lithium polycarbon monofluoride"
      ],
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "A primary cell whose positive electrode is fluorinated carbon, CFx. Its theoretical specific energy, about 2,180 Wh/kg, is the highest of the commercial primary chemistries, and self-discharge is very low; under load it delivers around 2.5–2.8 V. It powers medical implants, military and space equipment and long-life sensors, but heats noticeably at high rates.",
      "related": [
        "primary-cell",
        "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
        "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
        "specific-energy",
        "conversion-reaction"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-carbon-monofluoride/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "positive-electrode",
        "self-discharge"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5926",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5927",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:primary-cell",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5928",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:lithium-manganese-dioxide",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5929",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5930",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:specific-energy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5931",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:conversion-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lithium-carbon-monofluoride/electrode",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lithium-carbon-monofluoride/positive-electrode",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/lithium-carbon-monofluoride/self-discharge",
      "source": "term:lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
      "target": "term:self-discharge",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:primary-cell",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Primary cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "primary-cell",
        "name": "Primary cell",
        "aka": [
          "non-rechargeable battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell designed to be discharged once and not recharged, such as an alkaline or lithium–manganese dioxide cell. Its reaction is not reversible in practice, unlike the secondary cells this glossary is mostly about.",
        "related": [
          "secondary-cell",
          "lithium-ion",
          "iec-60086-5",
          "lithium-iron-disulfide"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/primary-cell/",
        "mentions": [
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-manganese-dioxide",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–manganese dioxide cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
        "name": "Lithium–manganese dioxide cell",
        "abbr": "Li–MnO₂",
        "aka": [
          "CR cell",
          "lithium coin cell",
          "CR123A"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The most common lithium primary chemistry: a lithium-metal negative, a heat-treated manganese dioxide positive and an organic electrolyte, giving 3 V. It fills CR-coded coin cells such as the CR2032 and cylindrical CR123A camera cells, and loses only about 1 % of its capacity a year in storage.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "coin-cell",
          "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
          "lithium-carbon-monofluoride",
          "self-discharge"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-manganese-dioxide/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-thionyl-chloride",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium–thionyl chloride cell",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-thionyl-chloride",
        "name": "Lithium–thionyl chloride cell",
        "abbr": "Li–SOCl₂",
        "aka": [
          "ER cell",
          "lithium thionyl chloride"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A 3.6 V primary cell in which liquid thionyl chloride is both the electrolyte solvent and the positive reactant, reduced on a porous carbon electrode. A protective lithium chloride film keeps self-discharge around 1 % a year, so cells run utility meters and trackers for 10–20 years, but it also causes a voltage delay when a load is first applied.",
        "related": [
          "primary-cell",
          "passivation",
          "self-discharge",
          "lithium-manganese-dioxide",
          "lithium-carbon-monofluoride"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-thionyl-chloride/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:specific-energy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Specific energy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "specific-energy",
        "name": "Specific energy",
        "aka": [
          "gravimetric energy density"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Stored energy per unit mass, in watt-hours per kilogram. Commercial lithium-ion cells range from about 160 Wh/kg for LFP to around 270 Wh/kg for high-nickel chemistries; at pack level the figure drops by a quarter or more.",
        "unit": "Wh/kg",
        "related": [
          "energy-density",
          "cell-to-pack-ratio",
          "specific-capacity",
          "ragone-plot"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/specific-energy/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:conversion-reaction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Conversion reaction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "conversion-reaction",
        "name": "Conversion reaction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "An electrode reaction in which the host compound is broken down and reformed, as sulfur or a metal fluoride is, rather than lithium slotting into an intact structure. Conversion materials store more charge than intercalation hosts but suffer large volume change and voltage hysteresis.",
        "related": [
          "intercalation",
          "alloying",
          "lithium-sulfur",
          "voltage-hysteresis"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/conversion-reaction/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Positive electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "positive-electrode",
        "name": "Positive electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the higher potential: a lithium metal oxide or phosphate coated on aluminium foil. It is the lithium source when a cell is built, and industry calls it the cathode.",
        "related": [
          "cathode",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "negative-electrode",
          "aluminium-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Polarity and reaction",
          "text": "The positive electrode retains its polarity label while its electrochemical reaction reverses between charge and discharge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/positive-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:self-discharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Self-discharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "self-discharge",
        "name": "Self-discharge",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The slow loss of stored charge while a cell is not in use. An unexpected rise can signal a leakage path or a soft internal short.",
        "unit": "%/month",
        "related": [
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "calendar-aging",
          "k-value",
          "calendar-life",
          "self-discharge-test"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#check-yourself",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/self-discharge/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}