{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Levelized cost of storage",
    "properties": {
      "id": "levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "name": "Levelized cost of storage",
      "abbr": "LCOS",
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "The total lifetime cost of a storage system divided by the total energy it will discharge, in currency per megawatt-hour. It folds cell price, efficiency, cycle life and degradation into one figure for comparing technologies.",
      "unit": "€/MWh",
      "related": [
        "cost-per-kwh",
        "cycle-life",
        "energy-efficiency",
        "stationary-storage"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/levelized-cost-of-storage/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3165",
      "source": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3166",
      "source": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "target": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3167",
      "source": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "target": "term:cycle-life",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3168",
      "source": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "target": "term:energy-efficiency",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3169",
      "source": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cost-per-kwh",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cost per kilowatt-hour",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cost-per-kwh",
        "name": "Cost per kilowatt-hour",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The headline price of cells or packs per unit of nominal energy. Pack prices fell by about 90 % between 2010 and the mid-2020s to roughly 100 US dollars per kWh, with LFP cells in China well below that.",
        "unit": "$/kWh",
        "related": [
          "kilowatt-hour",
          "yield",
          "levelized-cost-of-storage",
          "lfp"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cost-per-kwh/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-energy"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cycle-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cycle life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycle-life",
        "name": "Cycle life",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The number of full charge–discharge cycles a cell completes before its capacity falls to a stated fraction, usually 80 %, of its initial value under defined conditions. LFP cells reach several thousand cycles; high-energy NMC fewer.",
        "unit": "cycles",
        "related": [
          "end-of-life",
          "capacity-fade",
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "calendar-life",
          "equivalent-full-cycle",
          "cycle-life-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycle-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-efficiency",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy efficiency",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-efficiency",
        "name": "Energy efficiency",
        "aka": [
          "round-trip efficiency"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Energy out divided by energy in over a full cycle. It is lower than coulombic efficiency because the charge voltage sits above the discharge voltage; cells reach 95–98 %, and a full storage system 85–92 % after power electronics and cooling.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "coulombic-efficiency",
          "voltage-hysteresis",
          "ir-drop",
          "stationary-storage",
          "voltage-efficiency"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-efficiency/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}