{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:iso-management-systems",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001",
    "properties": {
      "id": "iso-management-systems",
      "name": "ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and ISO 45001",
      "aka": [
        "ISO 9001",
        "ISO 14001",
        "ISO 45001",
        "IATF 16949"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
      "definition": "The three certifiable management-system standards that cell and pack makers are expected to hold: ISO 9001 for quality, ISO 14001 for environmental management and ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety. Automotive suppliers add IATF 16949, the industry’s quality-system standard built on ISO 9001.",
      "related": [
        "cell-production",
        "gigafactory",
        "traceability",
        "fmea",
        "yield"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iso-management-systems/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6432",
      "source": "term:iso-management-systems",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6433",
      "source": "term:iso-management-systems",
      "target": "term:cell-production",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6434",
      "source": "term:iso-management-systems",
      "target": "term:gigafactory",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6435",
      "source": "term:iso-management-systems",
      "target": "term:traceability",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6436",
      "source": "term:iso-management-systems",
      "target": "term:fmea",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6437",
      "source": "term:iso-management-systems",
      "target": "term:yield",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "name": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
        "context": "Match scope to product and installation.",
        "example": "A cell-level test does not establish fire performance or commissioning requirements for a complete installation.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-production",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-production",
        "name": "Cell production",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The three-phase process that turns powders and foils into finished cells: electrode making, cell assembly and cell finishing. Electrode making is a roll-to-roll chemical process; assembly is precision mechanics; finishing is electrochemistry that takes weeks.",
        "related": [
          "electrode-manufacturing",
          "cell-assembly",
          "cell-finishing",
          "gigafactory"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#three-phases",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-production/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:gigafactory",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Gigafactory",
      "properties": {
        "id": "gigafactory",
        "name": "Gigafactory",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "A cell plant with an annual output of at least a few gigawatt-hours, enough for tens of thousands of electric cars. The term began as one company’s name for its plant and is now used for any large battery factory.",
        "unit": "GWh/year",
        "related": [
          "cell-production",
          "kilowatt-hour",
          "yield",
          "cost-per-kwh"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/gigafactory/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:traceability",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Traceability",
      "properties": {
        "id": "traceability",
        "name": "Traceability",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Recording for each cell which material lots, machines and process conditions produced it, so a field failure can be traced to a batch and a recall limited to it. The EU battery passport extends this record to the cell’s whole life.",
        "related": [
          "battery-passport",
          "yield",
          "end-of-line-testing",
          "iso-management-systems"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Connect records to identity",
          "text": "A cell record can link its material lots and electrode rolls. A lot identifier joins records; it is not a measured quality value."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/traceability/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fmea",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Failure mode and effects analysis",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fmea",
        "name": "Failure mode and effects analysis",
        "abbr": "FMEA",
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A structured review that lists every way a component or process could fail, its effect, and how likely it is to happen and be detected, scoring each to prioritise fixes. Battery programmes run it on the cell, the pack design and the production process.",
        "related": [
          "functional-safety",
          "abuse-testing",
          "cell-design",
          "fault-tree-analysis"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fmea/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:yield",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Yield",
      "properties": {
        "id": "yield",
        "name": "Yield",
        "aka": [
          "scrap rate"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The fraction of started material that ends as saleable cells. New plants often run at 60–80 % and mature ones above 95 %; because materials dominate cell cost, each point of scrap is expensive.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "gigafactory",
          "end-of-line-testing"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Declare the denominator",
          "text": "950 passing units out of 1000 inspected gives 95% unit pass yield for that test. It does not report scrap mass or every upstream yield."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/yield/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}