{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:iso-14040",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "ISO 14040 and ISO 14044",
    "properties": {
      "id": "iso-14040",
      "name": "ISO 14040 and ISO 14044",
      "aka": [
        "ISO 14040",
        "ISO 14044",
        "ISO 14040/44"
      ],
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The pair of international standards that define life-cycle assessment: ISO 14040 sets out the principles and framework, ISO 14044 the requirements. They prescribe four phases — goal and scope, inventory, impact assessment and interpretation — and a critical review before comparisons are published; battery footprint methods such as PEF build on them.",
      "related": [
        "life-cycle-assessment",
        "functional-unit",
        "system-boundary",
        "product-environmental-footprint",
        "carbon-footprint"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iso-14040/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:7013",
      "source": "term:iso-14040",
      "target": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7014",
      "source": "term:iso-14040",
      "target": "term:life-cycle-assessment",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7015",
      "source": "term:iso-14040",
      "target": "term:functional-unit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7016",
      "source": "term:iso-14040",
      "target": "term:system-boundary",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7017",
      "source": "term:iso-14040",
      "target": "term:product-environmental-footprint",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:7018",
      "source": "term:iso-14040",
      "target": "term:carbon-footprint",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:life-cycle-assessment",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Life-cycle assessment",
      "properties": {
        "id": "life-cycle-assessment",
        "name": "Life-cycle assessment",
        "abbr": "LCA",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The method for totalling a product’s environmental impact from raw material to end of life, standardised in ISO 14040. For a battery it is what turns mining, production, use and recycling data into a carbon footprint.",
        "related": [
          "carbon-footprint",
          "recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/life-cycle-assessment/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life",
          "iso-14040"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:functional-unit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Functional unit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "functional-unit",
        "name": "Functional unit",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The quantified service against which a life-cycle assessment reports its results, so that different products can be compared fairly. For EU battery carbon footprints it is one kilowatt-hour of total energy delivered over the battery’s service life, so a longer-lived battery spreads its production emissions over more energy.",
        "related": [
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "carbon-footprint-declaration",
          "system-boundary",
          "iso-14040"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/functional-unit/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour",
          "service-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:system-boundary",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "System boundary",
      "properties": {
        "id": "system-boundary",
        "name": "System boundary",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The line in a life-cycle assessment between the processes counted and those left out. The EU’s battery carbon-footprint rules include raw-material extraction, production, distribution and end of life but exclude the use stage, so the footprint describes how the battery is made and recycled, not how clean the electricity that charges it is.",
        "related": [
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "functional-unit",
          "cradle-to-grave",
          "carbon-footprint-declaration"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/system-boundary/",
        "mentions": [
          "end-of-life"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:product-environmental-footprint",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Product Environmental Footprint",
      "properties": {
        "id": "product-environmental-footprint",
        "name": "Product Environmental Footprint",
        "abbr": "PEF",
        "aka": [
          "PEFCR",
          "Product Environmental Footprint Category Rules",
          "Environmental Footprint method"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The European Commission’s harmonised life-cycle method, which scores a product on 16 environmental impact categories, climate change among them. Category rules, PEFCRs, fix the functional unit, system boundary and data for one product group — rechargeable batteries had one from the pilot phase — and the EU Battery Regulation’s carbon-footprint rules build on the method.",
        "related": [
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "carbon-footprint-declaration",
          "functional-unit",
          "global-warming-potential",
          "iso-14040"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/product-environmental-footprint/",
        "mentions": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "system-boundary"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:carbon-footprint",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery carbon footprint",
      "properties": {
        "id": "carbon-footprint",
        "name": "Battery carbon footprint",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The greenhouse gases emitted to make a battery, typically 50–100 kg CO₂-equivalent per kWh, dominated by cathode materials and the electricity used in cell production. The EU regulation requires it to be declared and will later cap it.",
        "unit": "kg CO₂e/kWh",
        "related": [
          "life-cycle-assessment",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "battery-passport",
          "gigafactory",
          "carbon-footprint-declaration"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/carbon-footprint/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour",
          "cathode",
          "cell-production",
          "co2-equivalent"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}