{
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    "id": "term:iso-12405",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "ISO 12405",
    "properties": {
      "id": "iso-12405",
      "name": "ISO 12405",
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The international standard for testing lithium-ion battery packs and systems in electric vehicles, covering performance, reliability and abuse at pack level. Part 4 is the current performance specification.",
      "related": [
        "iec-62660",
        "pack",
        "testing",
        "un-r100",
        "iso-6469"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iso-12405/",
      "mentions": [
        "lithium-ion"
      ]
    }
  },
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    {
      "id": "edge:2759",
      "source": "term:iso-12405",
      "target": "term:iec-62660",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2760",
      "source": "term:iso-12405",
      "target": "term:pack",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2761",
      "source": "term:iso-12405",
      "target": "term:testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2762",
      "source": "term:iso-12405",
      "target": "term:un-r100",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2763",
      "source": "term:iso-12405",
      "target": "term:iso-6469",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:mentions/iso-12405/lithium-ion",
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      "target": "term:lithium-ion",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
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      "id": "term:iec-62660",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62660",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62660",
        "name": "IEC 62660",
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The international standard series for lithium-ion cells in electric vehicles: part 1 performance testing, part 2 reliability and abuse testing, part 3 safety requirements. It fixes test conditions so results from different labs can be compared.",
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          "testing",
          "abuse-testing",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62660/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
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      "id": "term:pack",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery pack",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pack",
        "name": "Battery pack",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The complete battery as installed: modules or cells, the BMS, contactors and fuses, busbars, cooling, sensors and an enclosure. Its energy is the sum of its cells’ energies; its mass and volume are a good deal more.",
        "related": [
          "module",
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          "battery-disconnect-unit",
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          "cell-to-pack-ratio",
          "enclosure"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pack/",
        "mentions": []
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    {
      "id": "term:testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "testing",
        "name": "Cell testing",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Measuring a cell’s capacity, resistance, efficiency, rate capability, life and safety under defined conditions. Because every result depends on the conditions, a result without its temperature, current and voltage limits is not a result.",
        "related": [
          "capacity-test",
          "cycler",
          "reference-performance-test",
          "abuse-testing",
          "datasheet"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "rate-capability"
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      "id": "term:un-r100",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN Regulation No. 100",
      "properties": {
        "id": "un-r100",
        "name": "UN Regulation No. 100",
        "abbr": "R100",
        "aka": [
          "ECE R100",
          "UN ECE R100"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The UNECE type-approval regulation for the electric powertrain of cars, buses and trucks, covering protection against electric shock and, in part II, the rechargeable energy storage system itself. A vehicle sold in the EU and most of the world must carry an R100 approval for its battery.",
        "related": [
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          "gtr-20",
          "rechargeable-energy-storage-system",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "high-voltage-interlock"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-r100/",
        "mentions": []
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    },
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      "id": "term:iso-6469",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "ISO 6469",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iso-6469",
        "name": "ISO 6469",
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The ISO series on electric vehicle safety: part 1 the on-board rechargeable energy storage system, part 2 vehicle operational safety, part 3 electrical safety, part 4 post-crash. It is the engineering standard behind the regulatory tests of R100.",
        "related": [
          "un-r100",
          "iso-12405",
          "iso-17409",
          "functional-safety"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iso-6469/",
        "mentions": [
          "electric-vehicle",
          "rechargeable-energy-storage-system"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-ion",
        "name": "Lithium-ion battery",
        "abbr": "Li-ion",
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A rechargeable cell in which lithium ions shuttle between two intercalation electrodes, typically graphite and a lithium metal oxide, through a non-aqueous electrolyte. Commercialised in 1991, it dominates portable electronics, electric vehicles and new grid storage.",
        "related": [
          "intercalation",
          "graphite",
          "nmc",
          "lfp",
          "rocking-chair",
          "lithium"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#how-it-works",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-ion/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}