{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:inverter",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Inverter",
    "properties": {
      "id": "inverter",
      "name": "Inverter",
      "aka": [
        "power conversion system",
        "PCS"
      ],
      "section": "topic-pack",
      "definition": "The power electronics that turn the battery’s DC into AC for a motor or the grid, and back again for charging. In stationary storage it is called the power conversion system and its rating in kW or MW sets the system’s power independently of the battery’s energy.",
      "related": [
        "pre-charge",
        "dc-dc-converter",
        "stationary-storage",
        "energy-management-system",
        "direct-current",
        "iec-62477-1"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/inverter/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3072",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "topic:topic-pack",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3073",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "term:pre-charge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3074",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "term:dc-dc-converter",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3075",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3076",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3077",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "term:direct-current",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3078",
      "source": "term:inverter",
      "target": "term:iec-62477-1",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-pack",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Modules, packs and battery management",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-pack",
        "name": "Modules, packs and battery management",
        "lede": "From a single cell to a working battery system, and the electronics that keep it safe.",
        "context": "Make series/parallel architecture explicit.",
        "example": "Twelve 3.6 V, 5 Ah cells in 6s2p give 21.6 V, 10 Ah and 216 Wh nominally before other restrictions.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-architecture/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell architecture"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pre-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pre-charge circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pre-charge",
        "name": "Pre-charge circuit",
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A resistor and small contactor that charge the inverter’s capacitors slowly before the main contactor closes. Without it the inrush into empty capacitors can reach thousands of amperes and weld the main contactor shut.",
        "related": [
          "contactor",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "inverter"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pre-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "inrush-current"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dc-dc-converter",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "DC/DC converter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dc-dc-converter",
        "name": "DC/DC converter",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The power electronics that step the high-voltage pack down to 12 V or 48 V for the auxiliary systems, replacing the alternator of a combustion car. Boost converters also appear between an 800 V pack and a 400 V charger.",
        "related": [
          "auxiliary-battery",
          "inverter",
          "pack-voltage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dc-dc-converter/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:energy-management-system",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Energy management system",
      "properties": {
        "id": "energy-management-system",
        "name": "Energy management system",
        "abbr": "EMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "inverter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "modbus",
          "energy-arbitrage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-management-system/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:direct-current",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Direct and alternating current",
      "properties": {
        "id": "direct-current",
        "name": "Direct and alternating current",
        "abbr": "DC, AC",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "A battery stores and delivers direct current, flowing one way; the grid and most motors use alternating current, which reverses many times a second. An inverter converts one into the other, and every conversion loses a few percent.",
        "related": [
          "current",
          "inverter",
          "charger",
          "energy-efficiency"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/direct-current/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62477-1",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62477-1",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62477-1",
        "name": "IEC 62477-1",
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The general IEC safety standard for power electronic converter systems and equipment rated up to 1 000 V AC or 1 500 V DC. It is the safety basis for many inverters and DC–DC converters that connect batteries to loads and to the grid, and a reference for product standards on bidirectional converters.",
        "related": [
          "inverter",
          "dc-dc-converter",
          "ul-1741",
          "stationary-storage",
          "insulation-resistance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62477-1/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}