{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Internal short-circuit trigger device",
    "properties": {
      "id": "internal-short-trigger-device",
      "name": "Internal short-circuit trigger device",
      "aka": [
        "ISC device",
        "NREL/NASA ISC device",
        "implantable short-circuit device"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "A small device built into a cell during assembly that creates an internal short circuit on demand: a thin wax layer keeps two conductors apart until the cell is heated past the wax’s melting point, roughly 40–60 °C. Developed by NREL with NASA, it reproduces latent field shorts more realistically than nail penetration.",
      "related": [
        "internal-short-circuit",
        "nail-penetration",
        "propagation-test",
        "thermal-runaway",
        "abuse-testing"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/internal-short-trigger-device/",
      "mentions": [
        "short-circuit"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:5457",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5458",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
      "target": "term:internal-short-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
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      "id": "edge:5459",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
      "target": "term:nail-penetration",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:5460",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:5461",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
      "target": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5462",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
      "target": "term:abuse-testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:mentions/internal-short-trigger-device/short-circuit",
      "source": "term:internal-short-trigger-device",
      "target": "term:short-circuit",
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      "properties": {
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        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:internal-short-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Internal short circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "internal-short-circuit",
        "name": "Internal short circuit",
        "abbr": "ISC",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "An unintended electronic path between the electrodes inside a cell — through a metal particle, a burr, a damaged separator or lithium deposits. It discharges the cell internally and turns its energy into local heat.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-runaway",
          "dendrite",
          "separator",
          "external-short-circuit",
          "self-discharge",
          "internal-short-trigger-device"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/internal-short-circuit/",
        "mentions": [
          "electronic-path",
          "burr",
          "metal-particle-contamination"
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      "id": "term:nail-penetration",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Nail penetration test",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "Nail penetration test",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Driving a steel nail through a charged cell to create a sudden internal short circuit. It is easy to run and widely cited, but its severity depends on nail size, speed and depth, and it is a poor stand-in for the small latent shorts that cause field failures.",
        "related": [
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:propagation-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal propagation test",
      "properties": {
        "id": "propagation-test",
        "name": "Thermal propagation test",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Triggering thermal runaway in one cell of a module or pack — by heater, nail or overcharge — and measuring whether and how fast it spreads. Regulations now require at least a warning period, five minutes in several markets, before the cabin is at risk.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-propagation",
          "abuse-testing",
          "thermal-barrier",
          "gtr-20"
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        "mentions": [
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          "thermal-runaway"
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-runaway",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal runaway",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-runaway",
        "name": "Thermal runaway",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Self-accelerating heating in a cell: heat speeds up reactions that release more heat, until the cell vents, catches fire or ruptures. An internal short, overcharge or external heating can trigger it.",
        "related": [
          "onset-temperature",
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          "venting",
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          "exothermic"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-runaway/",
        "mentions": [
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    {
      "id": "term:abuse-testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Abuse testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "abuse-testing",
        "name": "Abuse testing",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Deliberately driving cells and packs beyond their limits — overcharge, crush, nail penetration, external short, heating, drop — to see how they fail. Standards define each test and rank the outcome on a hazard scale from no effect to explosion.",
        "related": [
          "nail-penetration",
          "overcharge-test",
          "crush-test",
          "short-circuit-test",
          "hazard-level",
          "oven-test"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/abuse-testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:short-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Short circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "short-circuit",
        "name": "Short circuit",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "A connection of negligible resistance between two points that should be separated, so current is limited only by the source. For a battery it may be external, across the terminals, or internal, between the electrodes inside the cell.",
        "related": [
          "external-short-circuit",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "fuse",
          "ohms-law"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#short-circuit",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/short-circuit/",
        "mentions": []
      }
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  ]
}