{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:inrush-current",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Inrush current",
    "properties": {
      "id": "inrush-current",
      "name": "Inrush current",
      "aka": [
        "inrush",
        "surge current",
        "switch-on surge"
      ],
      "section": "topic-hvsafety",
      "definition": "The brief current peak when a circuit is first energised, before its capacitors have charged or its magnetic parts have settled. Connected straight to a pack, an inverter’s empty DC-link capacitors would draw thousands of amperes, so a pre-charge circuit brings them to about 95% of pack voltage before the main contactor closes.",
      "related": [
        "pre-charge",
        "contactor",
        "inverter",
        "blanking-delay",
        "fuse-coordination"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/inrush-current/",
      "mentions": [
        "pack-voltage"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5087",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "topic:topic-hvsafety",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5088",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "term:pre-charge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5089",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "term:contactor",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5090",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "term:inverter",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5091",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "term:blanking-delay",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5092",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "term:fuse-coordination",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/inrush-current/pack-voltage",
      "source": "term:inrush-current",
      "target": "term:pack-voltage",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-hvsafety",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "High-voltage and functional safety",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-hvsafety",
        "name": "High-voltage and functional safety",
        "lede": "Keeping people safe from the pack’s voltage and keeping its electronics safe when they fail: insulation, switching, fusing and the functional-safety process.",
        "context": "Relate protection to faults, detection and response.",
        "example": "Normal-operation current limits do not demonstrate correct contactor behavior under a welded-contact or sensor fault.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pre-charge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pre-charge circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pre-charge",
        "name": "Pre-charge circuit",
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A resistor and small contactor that charge the inverter’s capacitors slowly before the main contactor closes. Without it the inrush into empty capacitors can reach thousands of amperes and weld the main contactor shut.",
        "related": [
          "contactor",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "inverter"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pre-charge/",
        "mentions": [
          "inrush-current"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:contactor",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Contactor",
      "properties": {
        "id": "contactor",
        "name": "Contactor",
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A heavy-duty electrically operated switch that connects the pack to the vehicle or inverter and opens it on fault or shutdown. Packs use at least two, one per pole, plus a pre-charge path to avoid welding them on the first connection.",
        "related": [
          "pre-charge",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "pyrofuse",
          "bms"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/contactor/",
        "mentions": [
          "inverter"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:inverter",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Inverter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "inverter",
        "name": "Inverter",
        "aka": [
          "power conversion system",
          "PCS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The power electronics that turn the battery’s DC into AC for a motor or the grid, and back again for charging. In stationary storage it is called the power conversion system and its rating in kW or MW sets the system’s power independently of the battery’s energy.",
        "related": [
          "pre-charge",
          "dc-dc-converter",
          "stationary-storage",
          "energy-management-system",
          "direct-current",
          "iec-62477-1"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/inverter/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:blanking-delay",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Blanking delay",
      "properties": {
        "id": "blanking-delay",
        "name": "Blanking delay",
        "aka": [
          "blanking time",
          "masking time"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "A short window during which a protection or diagnostic input is deliberately ignored, so that an expected transient — the inrush when contactors close, a load step, switching noise — does not trip it. It spans microseconds in a gate driver’s desaturation protection to tens of milliseconds or more around contactor closure; too long a window delays reaction to a real fault.",
        "related": [
          "inrush-current",
          "pre-charge",
          "diagnostic-coverage",
          "contactor",
          "dtc"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/blanking-delay/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:fuse-coordination",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Fuse coordination",
      "properties": {
        "id": "fuse-coordination",
        "name": "Fuse coordination",
        "aka": [
          "selectivity",
          "discrimination",
          "protection coordination"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "Choosing the ratings of fuses and breakers in series so that a fault opens only the device nearest to it and the remainder of the system keeps running. For fuses, the downstream fuse’s total clearing I²t must stay below the upstream fuse’s pre-arcing I²t; in a pack, a cell or module fuse should act before the main fuse or pyrofuse.",
        "formula": "I²t_clearing(downstream) < I²t_pre-arcing(upstream)",
        "related": [
          "fuse",
          "pyrofuse",
          "battery-disconnect-unit",
          "external-short-circuit",
          "series-parallel"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare clearing and pre-arcing energy",
          "text": "If a downstream fuse has 500 A²s clearing I²t and the upstream fuse has 1000 A²s pre-arcing I²t under the specified fault conditions, the inequality is satisfied. The full time-current curves and manufacturer coordination rules are still required."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fuse-coordination/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pack-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pack voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pack-voltage",
        "name": "Pack voltage",
        "aka": [
          "400 V system",
          "800 V system"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The nominal voltage of the full series string, about 400 V in most electric cars and 800 V in newer ones. Doubling the voltage halves the current for the same power, so cables, connectors and losses shrink and charging can be faster.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "dc-fast-charging",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "insulation-resistance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pack-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-voltage",
          "string"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}