{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Industrial vehicle batteries",
    "properties": {
      "id": "industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "name": "Industrial vehicle batteries",
      "aka": [
        "forklift battery",
        "AGV battery",
        "AMR battery",
        "motive power battery"
      ],
      "section": "topic-applications",
      "definition": "Batteries for forklifts, warehouse tugs, automated guided vehicles and mobile robots. Lead–acid forklift batteries are deliberately heavy, doubling as counterweight, and are swapped or recharged over a shift break; LFP replacements allow opportunity charging in short pauses, which suits robots that dock themselves between tasks.",
      "related": [
        "lead-acid",
        "lfp",
        "opportunity-charging",
        "iec-62485",
        "battery-swapping"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/industrial-vehicle-battery/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6908",
      "source": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "target": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6909",
      "source": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "target": "term:lead-acid",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6910",
      "source": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "target": "term:lfp",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6911",
      "source": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "target": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6912",
      "source": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "target": "term:iec-62485",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6913",
      "source": "term:industrial-vehicle-battery",
      "target": "term:battery-swapping",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-applications",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Applications and market",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-applications",
        "name": "Applications and market",
        "lede": "Where batteries are used, and the terms used to buy, size and compare them.",
        "context": "Start with mission energy, peak power and operating conditions.",
        "example": "20 kWh total energy and a ten-second 100 kW peak constrain different design aspects.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open energy and power"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lead-acid",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lead–acid battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lead-acid",
        "name": "Lead–acid battery",
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "The oldest rechargeable chemistry, lead and lead dioxide electrodes in sulfuric acid, at 2 V per cell. Heavy and short-lived in deep cycling but cheap, recyclable and good at cold cranking, it still starts most cars and backs up most telecom sites.",
        "related": [
          "nominal-voltage",
          "recycling",
          "specific-energy"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-market",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lead-acid/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lfp",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "LFP",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lfp",
        "name": "LFP",
        "aka": [
          "lithium iron phosphate",
          "LiFePO₄"
        ],
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A positive electrode material, LiFePO₄, giving cells a nominal voltage around 3.2 V, long cycle life and good thermal stability, but less energy per kilogram than nickel-rich oxides. Its flat voltage curve makes state of charge hard to read from voltage alone.",
        "related": [
          "cathode-active-material",
          "nmc",
          "lmfp",
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "cycle-life"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#voltage",
        "example": {
          "title": "Chemistry is not the whole datasheet",
          "text": "Two LFP products can differ in format, loading, capacity and current limits. Their cathode family alone does not make them interchangeable."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lfp/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "nominal-voltage",
          "discharge-curve",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:opportunity-charging",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Opportunity charging",
      "properties": {
        "id": "opportunity-charging",
        "name": "Opportunity charging",
        "aka": [
          "en-route charging",
          "terminus charging"
        ],
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Topping up a vehicle in short, high-power bursts wherever it stops anyway — a bus at its terminus or at stops, a forklift at breaks — instead of carrying enough energy for the whole day. It allows a smaller, lighter battery, at the price of frequent high-rate cycling and of chargers along the route.",
        "related": [
          "pantograph-charging",
          "depot-charging",
          "fast-charging",
          "electric-bus",
          "charge-acceptance",
          "inductive-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/opportunity-charging/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:iec-62485",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62485",
      "properties": {
        "id": "iec-62485",
        "name": "IEC 62485",
        "aka": [
          "EN 50272"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The installation standard for secondary batteries and battery installations: ventilation, protection against electric shock, and the layout of battery rooms. Part 2 covers stationary batteries, part 3 traction batteries for industrial trucks.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "lead-acid"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62485/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-swapping",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery swapping",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-swapping",
        "name": "Battery swapping",
        "section": "topic-infrastructure",
        "definition": "Replacing a vehicle’s depleted battery with a charged one at a station in a few minutes, so the battery is charged slowly and separately. It is used for taxis, two-wheelers and some trucks; it requires standardised packs and turns the battery into a shared, leased asset.",
        "related": [
          "fast-charging",
          "micromobility",
          "second-life",
          "battery-passport",
          "iec-62840-2",
          "battery-as-a-service"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-swapping/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}