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    "label": "IEEE 2030.2.1",
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      "id": "edge:6422",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "id": "edge:6423",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:6425",
      "source": "term:ieee-2030-2-1",
      "target": "term:flow-battery",
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      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
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        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
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        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
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      "id": "term:iec-62933",
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        "aka": [
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        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The IEC series for grid-integrated electrical energy storage systems, written at system level whatever the storage technology: part 2-1 defines unit parameters and test methods, part 5-1 gives general safety considerations, and part 5-2 adds safety requirements for battery-based systems over their whole life, from design to decommissioning.",
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      "id": "term:ieee-1679",
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        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "IEEE’s recommended practice for characterising and evaluating energy storage technologies in stationary applications, with a companion guide, 1679.1, for lithium-based batteries, revised in 2025. They give a structured way to judge a technology — description, ageing and failure modes, safety, evaluation methods and regulatory issues — before choosing it for a site.",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ieee-1679/",
        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:energy-management-system",
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      "label": "Energy management system",
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        "abbr": "EMS",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The site-level controller of a storage system that decides when to charge and discharge according to prices, grid signals and the battery’s limits, and dispatches those commands to the BMS and inverters.",
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          "modbus",
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        "mentions": []
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    {
      "id": "term:flow-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Flow battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "flow-battery",
        "name": "Flow battery",
        "aka": [
          "vanadium redox flow battery",
          "VRFB"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A battery whose energy is stored in liquid electrolytes held in external tanks and pumped through a reaction stack. Energy and power scale independently, which suits long-duration grid storage; vanadium is the most developed chemistry.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "redox-reaction",
          "fuel-cell"
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        "mentions": []
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