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    "id": "term:ieee-1679",
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      "definition": "IEEE’s recommended practice for characterising and evaluating energy storage technologies in stationary applications, with a companion guide, 1679.1, for lithium-based batteries, revised in 2025. They give a structured way to judge a technology — description, ageing and failure modes, safety, evaluation methods and regulatory issues — before choosing it for a site.",
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        "ieee-2030-2-1",
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      "mentions": []
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "target": "term:aging-mechanism",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "source": "term:ieee-1679",
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      "id": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
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        "id": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "name": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
        "context": "Match scope to product and installation.",
        "example": "A cell-level test does not establish fire performance or commissioning requirements for a complete installation.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
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      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
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        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
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        "mentions": []
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    {
      "id": "term:ieee-485",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEEE 485",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ieee-485",
        "name": "IEEE 485",
        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "IEEE’s recommended practice for sizing stationary lead–acid batteries in float service: define the DC load as a duty cycle of currents over time, then choose the cell size and number that will carry it, with allowances for temperature, ageing and design margin. Charger sizing and other chemistries are outside its scope; the current revision dates from 2020.",
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:ieee-2030-2-1",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEEE 2030.2.1",
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        "id": "ieee-2030-2-1",
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        "definition": "IEEE’s guide, published in 2019, to the design, operation and maintenance of battery energy storage systems, stationary and mobile, integrated with the electric power system. It spans lead–acid, lithium-ion, flow and sodium–sulfur batteries and covers their grid connection alongside the batteries themselves.",
        "related": [
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          "flow-battery"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ieee-2030-2-1/",
        "mentions": []
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    },
    {
      "id": "term:aging-mechanism",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Aging mechanism",
      "properties": {
        "id": "aging-mechanism",
        "name": "Aging mechanism",
        "aka": [
          "degradation mode"
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        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A specific physical or chemical process that degrades a cell — SEI growth, lithium plating, particle cracking, transition-metal dissolution. Mechanisms are grouped into three modes: loss of lithium inventory, loss of active material and resistance increase.",
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#where",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/aging-mechanism/",
        "mentions": [
          "active-material",
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          "transition-metal-dissolution"
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      }
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    {
      "id": "term:iec-62933",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "IEC 62933",
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        "id": "iec-62933",
        "name": "IEC 62933",
        "aka": [
          "EES systems",
          "IEC 62933-5-2"
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        "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "definition": "The IEC series for grid-integrated electrical energy storage systems, written at system level whatever the storage technology: part 2-1 defines unit parameters and test methods, part 5-1 gives general safety considerations, and part 5-2 adds safety requirements for battery-based systems over their whole life, from design to decommissioning.",
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          "gbt-36558",
          "frequency-regulation"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-62933/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
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}