{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:iec-60112",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "IEC 60112",
    "properties": {
      "id": "iec-60112",
      "name": "IEC 60112",
      "aka": [
        "proof tracking index"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-stationary",
      "definition": "The IEC test method behind the comparative tracking index (CTI) and proof tracking index (PTI) of solid insulating materials: drops of dilute ammonium chloride fall between two electrodes resting on the material until a conductive track forms. CTI is the highest voltage it survives for 50 drops and sets the material group used to size creepage distances; PTI confirms survival at one stated voltage.",
      "related": [
        "insulation-resistance",
        "insulation-test",
        "busbar",
        "cell-supervision-circuit",
        "comparative-tracking-index",
        "creepage-distance"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/iec-60112/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6376",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6377",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "term:insulation-resistance",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6378",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "term:insulation-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6379",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "term:busbar",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6380",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "term:cell-supervision-circuit",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6381",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "term:comparative-tracking-index",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6382",
      "source": "term:iec-60112",
      "target": "term:creepage-distance",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-stationary",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-stationary",
        "name": "Stationary, industrial and product standards",
        "lede": "Safety and performance standards for portable, industrial and grid batteries, their electronics and their installation.",
        "context": "Match scope to product and installation.",
        "example": "A cell-level test does not establish fire performance or commissioning requirements for a complete installation.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:insulation-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Insulation resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "insulation-resistance",
        "name": "Insulation resistance",
        "aka": [
          "isolation resistance",
          "IMD"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The resistance between the high-voltage circuit and the vehicle chassis, which must stay above about 100 Ω per volt of pack voltage so a person touching the chassis is safe. An insulation monitoring device measures it continuously.",
        "unit": "Ω/V",
        "related": [
          "pack-voltage",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "functional-safety",
          "insulation-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/insulation-resistance/",
        "mentions": [
          "volt"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:insulation-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Insulation resistance test",
      "properties": {
        "id": "insulation-test",
        "name": "Insulation resistance test",
        "aka": [
          "hipot test",
          "dielectric strength test"
        ],
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "Applying a high DC or AC voltage between the high-voltage circuit and the chassis or housing to verify that insulation holds, with the leakage current below a limit. It is done on every pack at end of line and after abuse tests in R100.",
        "related": [
          "insulation-resistance",
          "un-r100-part-2",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "end-of-line-testing"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/insulation-test/",
        "mentions": [
          "un-r100"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:busbar",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Busbar",
      "properties": {
        "id": "busbar",
        "name": "Busbar",
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A rigid copper or aluminium conductor that joins cell terminals into series and parallel groups, and modules into the pack. Its cross-section is sized for current and heating, and its joints — welded or bolted — are a classic source of resistance and failure.",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "terminal",
          "laser-welding",
          "internal-resistance",
          "wire-bonding"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/busbar/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-supervision-circuit",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell supervision circuit",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-supervision-circuit",
        "name": "Cell supervision circuit",
        "abbr": "CSC",
        "aka": [
          "cell monitoring unit",
          "CMU",
          "slave BMS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The board on each module that measures its cell voltages and temperatures and switches its balancing resistors, reporting to the central BMS controller. It is usually built around a dedicated monitoring chip and linked by isoSPI or CAN.",
        "related": [
          "bms",
          "cell-balancing",
          "isospi",
          "voltage-sense",
          "afe",
          "wireless-bms"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-supervision-circuit/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:comparative-tracking-index",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Comparative tracking index",
      "properties": {
        "id": "comparative-tracking-index",
        "name": "Comparative tracking index",
        "abbr": "CTI",
        "aka": [
          "tracking resistance"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The highest voltage at which an insulating material survives 50 drops of a conductive ammonium chloride solution without forming a carbonised track, tested to IEC 60112. Materials fall in groups from I (CTI ≥ 600) to IIIb (100–175); a better group permits shorter creepage distances, which matters for compact 800 V busbar holders and circuit boards.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "creepage-distance",
          "clearance",
          "electrical-breakdown",
          "voltage-class",
          "iec-60112"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/comparative-tracking-index/",
        "mentions": [
          "busbar"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:creepage-distance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Creepage distance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "creepage-distance",
        "name": "Creepage distance",
        "aka": [
          "creepage",
          "surface distance"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The shortest path between two conductors measured along the surface of the insulation between them. Moisture and dirt on that surface can carry leakage current and tracking, so the required distance grows with working voltage, pollution and a poorer tracking index: at 400 V and pollution degree 2, basic insulation needs about 2 mm on a group I material but 4 mm on group III.",
        "related": [
          "clearance",
          "comparative-tracking-index",
          "electrical-breakdown",
          "voltage-class",
          "insulation-resistance"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/creepage-distance/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}