{
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    "label": "GTR 20",
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      "id": "gtr-20",
      "name": "GTR 20",
      "aka": [
        "UN GTR No. 20",
        "EVS-GTR"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "The UN Global Technical Regulation on electric vehicle safety, the basis of national rules in Europe, China, Japan and elsewhere. Its thermal propagation clause requires a warning to occupants at least five minutes before a hazardous condition in the cabin.",
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        "propagation-test",
        "thermal-propagation",
        "iec-62660",
        "un-r100-03"
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      "mentions": [
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      "id": "edge:2787",
      "source": "term:gtr-20",
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    {
      "id": "edge:2788",
      "source": "term:gtr-20",
      "target": "term:propagation-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "edge:2789",
      "source": "term:gtr-20",
      "target": "term:thermal-propagation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2790",
      "source": "term:gtr-20",
      "target": "term:iec-62660",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2791",
      "source": "term:gtr-20",
      "target": "term:un-r100-03",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/gtr-20/electric-vehicle",
      "source": "term:gtr-20",
      "target": "term:electric-vehicle",
      "type": "mentions",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
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      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
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      "id": "term:propagation-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal propagation test",
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        "id": "propagation-test",
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        "definition": "Triggering thermal runaway in one cell of a module or pack — by heater, nail or overcharge — and measuring whether and how fast it spreads. Regulations now require at least a warning period, five minutes in several markets, before the cabin is at risk.",
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      "id": "term:thermal-propagation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal propagation",
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        "id": "thermal-propagation",
        "name": "Thermal propagation",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Thermal runaway spreading from one cell to its neighbours through conducted heat, hot gas and flame. Pack designs are judged by whether, and how slowly, a single failing cell takes the rest with it.",
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        "mentions": []
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        "definition": "The international standard series for lithium-ion cells in electric vehicles: part 1 performance testing, part 2 reliability and abuse testing, part 3 safety requirements. It fixes test conditions so results from different labs can be compared.",
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        "mentions": []
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        "definition": "The third series of amendments to UN R100, in force for new vehicle types from 2023. It added the thermal-propagation requirement — a warning to occupants at least five minutes before a hazardous event in the cabin, aligned with GTR 20 — plus documentation of the battery’s safe-state behaviour and a low-energy exemption for small systems.",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:electric-vehicle",
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        "name": "Electric vehicle",
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          "battery electric vehicle"
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        "definition": "A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.",
        "related": [
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          "maritime-battery",
          "industrial-vehicle-battery"
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        "mentions": []
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}