{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:gb-17761",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "GB 17761",
    "properties": {
      "id": "gb-17761",
      "name": "GB 17761",
      "aka": [
        "GB 43854",
        "e-bike safety standard"
      ],
      "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
      "definition": "China’s mandatory safety specification for electric bicycles. The 2024 edition, in force since September 2025, caps design speed at 25 km/h, limits plastic parts to 5.5 % of the bike’s mass to reduce fire load, and requires battery and charger to recognise each other before charging. The lithium-ion battery itself must meet the companion standard GB 43854.",
      "related": [
        "micromobility",
        "en-50604",
        "cpsc-micromobility-rule",
        "charger",
        "thermal-propagation"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/gb-17761/",
      "mentions": [
        "lithium-ion"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:6261",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6262",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6263",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "term:en-50604",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6264",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6265",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6266",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "term:thermal-propagation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/gb-17761/lithium-ion",
      "source": "term:gb-17761",
      "target": "term:lithium-ion",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-standards-vehicle",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Vehicle and transport standards",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "name": "Vehicle and transport standards",
        "lede": "The regulations and standards a vehicle battery must meet to be approved, and the rules for shipping batteries by road, sea and air.",
        "context": "Check issuing organization, edition, scope and market.",
        "example": "Shipping tests and vehicle battery approval tests address different uses; passing one does not automatically satisfy another.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:micromobility",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Micromobility",
      "properties": {
        "id": "micromobility",
        "name": "Micromobility",
        "aka": [
          "light electric vehicle",
          "LEV",
          "e-bike"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "E-bikes, e-scooters and small motorcycles with packs of 0.3–3 kWh built from cylindrical cells. Their packs are cheap and often charged indoors, which is why they feature disproportionately in fire statistics.",
        "related": [
          "cylindrical-cell",
          "protection-circuit",
          "thermal-runaway",
          "un-r136",
          "en-50604",
          "battery-swapping"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/micromobility/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:en-50604",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EN 50604-1",
      "properties": {
        "id": "en-50604",
        "name": "EN 50604-1",
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The European safety standard for lithium batteries in light electric vehicles — e-bikes, scooters and other LEV — covering cell and pack abuse tests and the protective functions of the pack electronics.",
        "related": [
          "micromobility",
          "un-r136",
          "iec-62133"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/en-50604/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cpsc-micromobility-rule",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CPSC micromobility battery rule",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cpsc-micromobility-rule",
        "name": "CPSC micromobility battery rule",
        "aka": [
          "UL 2849",
          "UL 2272",
          "UL 2271"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The US Consumer Product Safety Commission’s proposed mandatory rule for lithium-ion batteries in e-bikes, e-scooters and similar products, published in June 2026. It would require e-bikes to meet UL 2849, other personal e-mobility products UL 2272 and standalone replacement packs UL 2271, each with CPSC changes, and adds requirements and warnings for aftermarket chargers.",
        "related": [
          "micromobility",
          "en-50604",
          "gb-17761",
          "underwriters-laboratories",
          "charger",
          "thermal-runaway"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cpsc-micromobility-rule/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:thermal-propagation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal propagation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-propagation",
        "name": "Thermal propagation",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Thermal runaway spreading from one cell to its neighbours through conducted heat, hot gas and flame. Pack designs are judged by whether, and how slowly, a single failing cell takes the rest with it.",
        "related": [
          "thermal-runaway",
          "thermal-barrier",
          "venting",
          "module",
          "propagation-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-propagation/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:lithium-ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Lithium-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "lithium-ion",
        "name": "Lithium-ion battery",
        "abbr": "Li-ion",
        "section": "topic-chemistries",
        "definition": "A rechargeable cell in which lithium ions shuttle between two intercalation electrodes, typically graphite and a lithium metal oxide, through a non-aqueous electrolyte. Commercialised in 1991, it dominates portable electronics, electric vehicles and new grid storage.",
        "related": [
          "intercalation",
          "graphite",
          "nmc",
          "lfp",
          "rocking-chair",
          "lithium"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#how-it-works",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-ion/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}