{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:fuel-cell",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Fuel cell",
    "properties": {
      "id": "fuel-cell",
      "name": "Fuel cell",
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "An electrochemical converter that makes electricity from a fuel, usually hydrogen, and oxygen as long as both are supplied, rather than storing energy in its electrodes. Fuel-cell vehicles still carry a battery to buffer power.",
      "related": [
        "flow-battery",
        "hybrid-vehicle",
        "redox-reaction"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fuel-cell/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3647",
      "source": "term:fuel-cell",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3648",
      "source": "term:fuel-cell",
      "target": "term:flow-battery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3649",
      "source": "term:fuel-cell",
      "target": "term:hybrid-vehicle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3650",
      "source": "term:fuel-cell",
      "target": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:flow-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Flow battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "flow-battery",
        "name": "Flow battery",
        "aka": [
          "vanadium redox flow battery",
          "VRFB"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A battery whose energy is stored in liquid electrolytes held in external tanks and pumped through a reaction stack. Energy and power scale independently, which suits long-duration grid storage; vanadium is the most developed chemistry.",
        "related": [
          "stationary-storage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "redox-reaction",
          "fuel-cell"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/flow-battery/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hybrid-vehicle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hybrid-vehicle",
        "name": "Hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicle",
        "abbr": "HEV, PHEV",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A hybrid pairs an engine with a small battery, around 1 kWh, that is cycled hard for power rather than energy; a plug-in hybrid adds a 10–25 kWh pack that can be charged from the grid for electric-only driving. Their cells are designed for power and life rather than energy.",
        "related": [
          "electric-vehicle",
          "specific-power",
          "nickel-metal-hydride",
          "cycle-life",
          "48v-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hybrid-vehicle/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:redox-reaction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Redox reaction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "redox-reaction",
        "name": "Redox reaction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "A reaction in which electrons move from one species to another: one is oxidised, the other reduced. A battery separates the two halves onto two electrodes so the electrons must travel through the external circuit.",
        "related": [
          "oxidation",
          "reduction",
          "half-reaction",
          "electrode-potential",
          "galvanic-cell"
        ],
        "lesson": "labs/battery-materials-lab/#bml-aqueous-mechanism",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/redox-reaction/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}