{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:froth-flotation",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Froth flotation",
    "properties": {
      "id": "froth-flotation",
      "name": "Froth flotation",
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Separating graphite from the oxide particles in black mass by making the water-repellent graphite cling to air bubbles that carry it into a froth. It lets graphite be recovered rather than burned, and leaves cleaner metal oxides for leaching.",
      "related": [
        "black-mass",
        "graphite-recycling",
        "hydrometallurgy"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/froth-flotation/",
      "mentions": [
        "graphite",
        "leaching"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4314",
      "source": "term:froth-flotation",
      "target": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4315",
      "source": "term:froth-flotation",
      "target": "term:black-mass",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4316",
      "source": "term:froth-flotation",
      "target": "term:graphite-recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4317",
      "source": "term:froth-flotation",
      "target": "term:hydrometallurgy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/froth-flotation/graphite",
      "source": "term:froth-flotation",
      "target": "term:graphite",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/froth-flotation/leaching",
      "source": "term:froth-flotation",
      "target": "term:leaching",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:black-mass",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Black mass",
      "properties": {
        "id": "black-mass",
        "name": "Black mass",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The dark powder of mixed electrode materials left after end-of-life cells are discharged, shredded and separated from their casings, foils and separators. It is the traded intermediate that hydrometallurgical refiners buy.",
        "related": [
          "recycling",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "mechanical-pretreatment",
          "froth-flotation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/black-mass/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite-recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite-recycling",
        "name": "Graphite recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering anode graphite, usually burned or left in leach residue, by flotation or as leach residue, then purifying and re-heating it to restore its structure for battery or other uses. Graphite is an EU critical raw material, which is pushing recyclers to keep it.",
        "related": [
          "froth-flotation",
          "graphite",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "black-mass"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite-recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "anode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hydrometallurgy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hydrometallurgy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hydrometallurgy",
        "name": "Hydrometallurgy",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recycling by dissolving black mass in acid and separating the metals as salts by precipitation and solvent extraction. It recovers lithium and gives battery-grade products, at the cost of chemical consumption and wastewater.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "recycling",
          "leaching",
          "solvent-extraction"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hydrometallurgy/",
        "mentions": [
          "precipitation"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
          "intercalation",
          "natural-graphite",
          "synthetic-graphite",
          "lithium-plating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:leaching",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Leaching",
      "properties": {
        "id": "leaching",
        "name": "Leaching",
        "aka": [
          "acid leaching",
          "reductive leaching"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Dissolving the metals in black mass, usually in sulfuric acid with hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent so cobalt and manganese go into solution as their more soluble lower oxidation state. The leach liquor carries lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese, plus impurities such as copper and aluminium.",
        "related": [
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "black-mass",
          "solvent-extraction",
          "impurity-removal",
          "bioleaching",
          "deep-eutectic-solvent"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/leaching/",
        "mentions": [
          "oxidation",
          "cobalt",
          "manganese"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}