{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:fpga",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Field-programmable gate array",
    "properties": {
      "id": "fpga",
      "name": "Field-programmable gate array",
      "abbr": "FPGA",
      "aka": [
        "Xilinx",
        "AMD FPGA"
      ],
      "section": "topic-data",
      "definition": "A chip whose logic is configured after manufacture, best known from Xilinx, now AMD, and Intel. In battery work it appears where timing must be exact and fast: test-bench and HIL simulators that emulate cells in microseconds, high-speed data acquisition, and some fast protection and power-electronics control.",
      "related": [
        "hil",
        "mcu",
        "adc",
        "battery-emulator"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fpga/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4077",
      "source": "term:fpga",
      "target": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4078",
      "source": "term:fpga",
      "target": "term:hil",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4079",
      "source": "term:fpga",
      "target": "term:mcu",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4080",
      "source": "term:fpga",
      "target": "term:adc",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4081",
      "source": "term:fpga",
      "target": "term:battery-emulator",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Data, communication and electronics",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-data",
        "name": "Data, communication and electronics",
        "lede": "The control units, chips, protocols and file formats through which a battery is measured, controlled and logged.",
        "context": "Separate quantities from encoding and transport.",
        "example": "2500 in a log might mean 25.00 °C, 2.5 V or raw counts. Units and scale must accompany the value.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hil",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Hardware-in-the-loop",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hil",
        "name": "Hardware-in-the-loop",
        "abbr": "HIL",
        "aka": [
          "SIL",
          "MIL",
          "software-in-the-loop",
          "model-in-the-loop"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "Testing a real BMS controller against a real-time simulation of the battery, vehicle and charger, so faults that would be dangerous on real cells can be injected safely. It follows model-in-the-loop and software-in-the-loop, where the same logic is tested as a model or as code on a PC.",
        "related": [
          "battery-emulator",
          "fpga",
          "bmu",
          "functional-safety",
          "equivalent-circuit-model",
          "fault-injection-testing"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hil/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:mcu",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Microcontroller",
      "properties": {
        "id": "mcu",
        "name": "Microcontroller",
        "abbr": "MCU",
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The processor that runs BMS firmware: state estimation, protection, balancing decisions and communication. Automotive BMS controllers use safety microcontrollers with lockstep cores and hardware self-tests so they can meet ASIL C or D.",
        "related": [
          "bmu",
          "firmware",
          "functional-safety",
          "fpga",
          "afe"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mcu/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms",
          "lockstep-core"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:adc",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Analog-to-digital converter",
      "properties": {
        "id": "adc",
        "name": "Analog-to-digital converter",
        "abbr": "ADC",
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The circuit that turns a voltage into a number. In a BMS its resolution, offset and drift set the floor for voltage and current accuracy: one millivolt of cell-voltage error is several percent of SOC on a flat LFP curve.",
        "related": [
          "afe",
          "current-sensor",
          "voltage-sense",
          "coulomb-counting",
          "ocv-soc-curve"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/adc/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge",
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:battery-emulator",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery and cell emulator",
      "properties": {
        "id": "battery-emulator",
        "name": "Battery and cell emulator",
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "A programmable power source that behaves like a battery or like each cell of a string, so a BMS or charger can be tested at any voltage, state of charge or fault without real cells. Cell emulators drive every AFE input separately.",
        "related": [
          "hil",
          "afe",
          "fpga",
          "cycler"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/battery-emulator/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "state-of-charge",
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}