{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:forced-discharge-test",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Forced discharge test",
    "properties": {
      "id": "forced-discharge-test",
      "name": "Forced discharge test",
      "aka": [
        "UN 38.3 T8",
        "T.8 forced discharge",
        "reverse charge test"
      ],
      "section": "topic-testing",
      "definition": "Driving a cell past empty into reversal with an external supply, to show that it survives what happens to a weak cell pushed below zero in a series string. UN 38.3 test T.8 puts each cell in series with a 12 V DC supply at its maximum discharge current; it must not disassemble or catch fire within seven days.",
      "related": [
        "cell-reversal",
        "transport-regulations",
        "over-discharge",
        "abuse-testing"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/forced-discharge-test/",
      "mentions": [
        "string"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:belongsTo/term:forced-discharge-test/topic:topic-testing",
      "source": "term:forced-discharge-test",
      "target": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:forced-discharge-test/term:cell-reversal",
      "source": "term:forced-discharge-test",
      "target": "term:cell-reversal",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:forced-discharge-test/term:transport-regulations",
      "source": "term:forced-discharge-test",
      "target": "term:transport-regulations",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:forced-discharge-test/term:over-discharge",
      "source": "term:forced-discharge-test",
      "target": "term:over-discharge",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:relatedTo/term:forced-discharge-test/term:abuse-testing",
      "source": "term:forced-discharge-test",
      "target": "term:abuse-testing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/forced-discharge-test/string",
      "source": "term:forced-discharge-test",
      "target": "term:string",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
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  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-testing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Testing methods",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-testing",
        "name": "Testing methods",
        "lede": "The measurements and test procedures that characterise a cell or pack, from capacity and pulse tests to abuse and environmental tests.",
        "context": "Record specimen, state, instrument, temperature and timing.",
        "example": "Resistance immediately after a current step can differ from a ten-second value because slower polarization contributes.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity measurements"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-reversal",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell reversal",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-reversal",
        "name": "Cell reversal",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "A weak cell in a series string being driven below zero volts by its neighbours as the string is discharged past the weak cell’s empty point. It causes rapid, permanent damage, and preventing it is one reason a BMS monitors every cell.",
        "related": [
          "over-discharge",
          "series-parallel",
          "bms",
          "polarity",
          "forced-discharge-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-reversal/",
        "mentions": [
          "string"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:transport-regulations",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN 38.3",
      "properties": {
        "id": "transport-regulations",
        "name": "UN 38.3",
        "aka": [
          "UN transport test",
          "lithium battery shipping"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The United Nations test sequence that every lithium cell and battery must pass before it can be shipped: altitude, thermal cycling, vibration, shock, external short, impact or crush, overcharge and forced discharge. Air shipment of cells also caps state of charge at 30 %.",
        "related": [
          "shipping-soc",
          "abuse-testing",
          "iec-62133",
          "altitude-simulation-test",
          "un-38-3-test-summary",
          "forced-discharge-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/transport-regulations/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge",
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:over-discharge",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Over-discharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "over-discharge",
        "name": "Over-discharge",
        "aka": [
          "deep discharge"
        ],
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "Discharging below the lower cutoff voltage. Near 1.5 V the copper current collector begins to dissolve, and on the next charge it can redeposit as metal that shorts the cell, so a deeply discharged cell should not simply be recharged.",
        "related": [
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "copper-dissolution",
          "internal-short-circuit",
          "bms",
          "low-voltage-disconnect"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/over-discharge/",
        "mentions": [
          "current-collector"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:abuse-testing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Abuse testing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "abuse-testing",
        "name": "Abuse testing",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Deliberately driving cells and packs beyond their limits — overcharge, crush, nail penetration, external short, heating, drop — to see how they fail. Standards define each test and rank the outcome on a hazard scale from no effect to explosion.",
        "related": [
          "nail-penetration",
          "overcharge-test",
          "crush-test",
          "short-circuit-test",
          "hazard-level",
          "oven-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/abuse-testing/",
        "mentions": [
          "overcharge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:string",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "String",
      "properties": {
        "id": "string",
        "name": "String",
        "aka": [
          "battery string",
          "series string"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "A chain of cells or modules connected in series to reach the system voltage, the basic electrical unit of a large battery. In stationary storage each rack is usually one string of about 1000–1500 V with its own contactors and BMS, and many strings are paralleled on a common DC bus.",
        "related": [
          "series-parallel",
          "pack-voltage",
          "stationary-storage",
          "parallel-string-current-sharing",
          "bms-architecture",
          "contactor"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/string/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}