{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:fluoride-ion",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Fluoride-ion battery",
    "properties": {
      "id": "fluoride-ion",
      "name": "Fluoride-ion battery",
      "abbr": "FIB",
      "aka": [
        "F-ion battery"
      ],
      "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
      "definition": "A battery in which fluoride anions, F⁻, shuttle between metal and metal-fluoride electrodes, such as copper or bismuth fluoride positives, through conversion reactions. Theoretical energy densities exceed lithium-ion, but early cells needed solid electrolytes at about 150 °C; room-temperature cycling with a liquid electrolyte was first reported in 2018, and cycle life remains short.",
      "related": [
        "conversion-reaction",
        "solid-electrolyte",
        "dual-ion-battery",
        "ion",
        "specific-energy"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fluoride-ion/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrolyte",
        "cycle-life"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5876",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5877",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:conversion-reaction",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5878",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:solid-electrolyte",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5879",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:dual-ion-battery",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5880",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:ion",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5881",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:specific-energy",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/fluoride-ion/electrolyte",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/fluoride-ion/cycle-life",
      "source": "term:fluoride-ion",
      "target": "term:cycle-life",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-other-chemistries",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Other and emerging chemistries",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "name": "Other and emerging chemistries",
        "lede": "Batteries beyond today’s lithium-ion: lead, nickel and primary cells, flow and metal–air batteries, solid-state and lithium-metal cells, and the multivalent and sodium chemistries in development.",
        "context": "Do not carry lithium-ion assumptions into every chemistry.",
        "example": "Two chemistries can meet the same energy target with different voltage windows and charge termination.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-anatomy/",
        "lesson_label": "Open cell anatomy"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:conversion-reaction",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Conversion reaction",
      "properties": {
        "id": "conversion-reaction",
        "name": "Conversion reaction",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "An electrode reaction in which the host compound is broken down and reformed, as sulfur or a metal fluoride is, rather than lithium slotting into an intact structure. Conversion materials store more charge than intercalation hosts but suffer large volume change and voltage hysteresis.",
        "related": [
          "intercalation",
          "alloying",
          "lithium-sulfur",
          "voltage-hysteresis"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/conversion-reaction/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:solid-electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solid electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "solid-electrolyte",
        "name": "Solid electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "A solid ion conductor that replaces the liquid electrolyte in an all-solid-state cell. Oxide, sulfide, halide and polymer families each need a different production route.",
        "related": [
          "solid-state-battery",
          "electrolyte",
          "sintering",
          "stack-pressure",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "superionic-conductor"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/solid-state-cell-production/#families",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/solid-electrolyte/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:dual-ion-battery",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Dual-ion battery",
      "properties": {
        "id": "dual-ion-battery",
        "name": "Dual-ion battery",
        "abbr": "DIB",
        "aka": [
          "dual-graphite battery"
        ],
        "section": "topic-other-chemistries",
        "definition": "A cell in which both ions of the salt do work: on charge, cations enter the negative electrode while anions such as PF₆⁻ intercalate into a graphite positive at about 4.5–5 V. The electrolyte is therefore an active material whose salt content limits capacity, and it must survive very high voltage; the payoff is cheap, cobalt-free electrodes.",
        "related": [
          "intercalation",
          "graphite",
          "electrochemical-stability-window",
          "aluminium-ion",
          "lithium-salt",
          "fluoride-ion"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dual-ion-battery/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "negative-electrode",
          "active-material",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:ion",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Ion",
      "properties": {
        "id": "ion",
        "name": "Ion",
        "section": "topic-electrochemistry",
        "definition": "An atom or molecule carrying a net charge: a cation such as Li⁺ is positive, an anion such as PF₆⁻ negative. Ions carry current through the electrolyte, electrons carry it through the solids and the external circuit.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "ionic-path",
          "transference-number",
          "migration"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/ion/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:specific-energy",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Specific energy",
      "properties": {
        "id": "specific-energy",
        "name": "Specific energy",
        "aka": [
          "gravimetric energy density"
        ],
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Stored energy per unit mass, in watt-hours per kilogram. Commercial lithium-ion cells range from about 160 Wh/kg for LFP to around 270 Wh/kg for high-nickel chemistries; at pack level the figure drops by a quarter or more.",
        "unit": "Wh/kg",
        "related": [
          "energy-density",
          "cell-to-pack-ratio",
          "specific-capacity",
          "ragone-plot"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#energy",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/specific-energy/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cycle-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cycle life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycle-life",
        "name": "Cycle life",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The number of full charge–discharge cycles a cell completes before its capacity falls to a stated fraction, usually 80 %, of its initial value under defined conditions. LFP cells reach several thousand cycles; high-energy NMC fewer.",
        "unit": "cycles",
        "related": [
          "end-of-life",
          "capacity-fade",
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "calendar-life",
          "equivalent-full-cycle",
          "cycle-life-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycle-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}