{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:flashing",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Flashing",
    "properties": {
      "id": "flashing",
      "name": "Flashing",
      "aka": [
        "reprogramming",
        "ECU flashing",
        "bootloader"
      ],
      "section": "topic-data",
      "definition": "Writing new firmware into a controller’s flash memory, normally through a bootloader that receives the image over CAN with UDS services. Image files come as Intel HEX, Motorola S-record or binary, often signed so the controller refuses unauthorised code.",
      "related": [
        "firmware",
        "uds",
        "hex-file",
        "can-bus"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/flashing/",
      "mentions": []
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:4092",
      "source": "term:flashing",
      "target": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4093",
      "source": "term:flashing",
      "target": "term:firmware",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4094",
      "source": "term:flashing",
      "target": "term:uds",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4095",
      "source": "term:flashing",
      "target": "term:hex-file",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:4096",
      "source": "term:flashing",
      "target": "term:can-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-data",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Data, communication and electronics",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-data",
        "name": "Data, communication and electronics",
        "lede": "The control units, chips, protocols and file formats through which a battery is measured, controlled and logged.",
        "context": "Separate quantities from encoding and transport.",
        "example": "2500 in a log might mean 25.00 °C, 2.5 V or raw counts. Units and scale must accompany the value.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:firmware",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Firmware",
      "properties": {
        "id": "firmware",
        "name": "Firmware",
        "aka": [
          "embedded software",
          "BMS software"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The software that runs on a BMS or charger controller. Its version decides how SOC, limits and faults behave, so it is tracked like a part number, updated by flashing over CAN or over the air, and recorded in the battery passport.",
        "related": [
          "mcu",
          "flashing",
          "bmu",
          "battery-passport",
          "functional-safety"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/firmware/",
        "mentions": [
          "charger",
          "state-of-charge",
          "bms",
          "over-the-air-update"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:uds",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Unified diagnostic services",
      "properties": {
        "id": "uds",
        "name": "Unified diagnostic services",
        "abbr": "UDS",
        "aka": [
          "ISO 14229"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "The standard diagnostic protocol of vehicle controllers, ISO 14229: services to read data and fault codes, run routines, change sessions and flash firmware. A service tool talks UDS to the BMU over CAN to read cell data, clear faults or update software.",
        "related": [
          "dtc",
          "flashing",
          "can-bus",
          "odx",
          "ecu"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/uds/",
        "mentions": [
          "bmu",
          "firmware"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:hex-file",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "HEX and S-record files",
      "properties": {
        "id": "hex-file",
        "name": "HEX and S-record files",
        "abbr": ".hex, .s19",
        "aka": [
          "Intel HEX",
          "Motorola S-record",
          "SREC"
        ],
        "section": "topic-data",
        "definition": "Text formats that carry a firmware or calibration image with its memory addresses and checksums, used to flash controllers: Intel HEX and Motorola S-record (.s19, .srec, .mot). Their content must match the A2L that describes it.",
        "related": [
          "flashing",
          "firmware",
          "a2l"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/hex-file/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:can-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "CAN bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "can-bus",
        "name": "CAN bus",
        "aka": [
          "Controller Area Network",
          "ISO 11898"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The serial network over which a BMS talks to the vehicle or inverter: a two-wire differential bus, defined in ISO 11898, carrying short prioritised messages at up to 1 Mbit/s, or faster with CAN FD. Every node hears every message, and a dominant bit wins arbitration without any collision.",
        "related": [
          "can-high-low",
          "can-fd",
          "termination-resistor",
          "bms",
          "lin-bus",
          "fms-interface"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/can-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "inverter"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}