{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:first-cycle-loss",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "First-cycle loss",
    "properties": {
      "id": "first-cycle-loss",
      "name": "First-cycle loss",
      "aka": [
        "initial coulombic efficiency",
        "ICE"
      ],
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "The lithium consumed in forming the SEI on the first charge, which never returns to the positive electrode: about 5–10 % of capacity for graphite and far more for silicon. Pre-lithiation is the way to pay this debt in advance.",
      "unit": "%",
      "related": [
        "formation",
        "sei",
        "coulombic-efficiency",
        "pre-lithiation"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/first-cycle-loss/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrode",
        "positive-electrode",
        "graphite"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:2472",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2473",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:formation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2474",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:sei",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2475",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:coulombic-efficiency",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2476",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:pre-lithiation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/first-cycle-loss/electrode",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/first-cycle-loss/positive-electrode",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/first-cycle-loss/graphite",
      "source": "term:first-cycle-loss",
      "target": "term:graphite",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:formation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Formation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "formation",
        "name": "Formation",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The first controlled charge and discharge cycles of a newly assembled cell, during which the SEI forms. It is part of cell production, before aging and grading.",
        "related": [
          "sei",
          "degassing",
          "aging-step",
          "first-cycle-loss",
          "cell-finishing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
        "example": {
          "title": "Distinguish first finishing cycles",
          "text": "Initial controlled cycles are a cell-finishing operation; their purpose and observations differ from later customer charging."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/formation/",
        "mentions": [
          "cell-production"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:sei",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Solid–electrolyte interphase",
      "properties": {
        "id": "sei",
        "name": "Solid–electrolyte interphase",
        "abbr": "SEI",
        "section": "topic-aging",
        "definition": "A film of electrolyte reaction products on the negative-electrode particles — graphite, and also silicon or lithium metal. It protects the electrode from further reaction but grows slowly for the whole life of the cell, consuming cyclable lithium.",
        "related": [
          "passivation",
          "formation",
          "calendar-aging",
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "cei"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#sei",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sei/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode",
          "graphite",
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:coulombic-efficiency",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Coulombic efficiency",
      "properties": {
        "id": "coulombic-efficiency",
        "name": "Coulombic efficiency",
        "abbr": "CE",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Charge delivered on discharge divided by charge put in on the previous charge. A healthy lithium-ion cell exceeds 99.9 %; the missing fraction is lithium lost to side reactions, so CE is an early and sensitive aging signal.",
        "formula": "CE = Q_discharge / Q_charge",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "energy-efficiency",
          "loss-of-lithium-inventory",
          "sei",
          "formation"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare charge in and charge out",
          "text": "If a defined test charges 5.00 Ah and subsequently discharges 4.95 Ah over the chosen voltage window, its coulombic efficiency is 99%. This ratio alone does not include voltage-related energy loss."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/coulombic-efficiency/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:pre-lithiation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pre-lithiation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "pre-lithiation",
        "name": "Pre-lithiation",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Adding extra lithium to an electrode before the cell is assembled — as lithium powder, foil or a sacrificial additive — to compensate for the lithium lost to SEI formation. It matters most for silicon-rich negative electrodes.",
        "related": [
          "first-cycle-loss",
          "silicon-anode",
          "sei",
          "formation"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pre-lithiation/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrode",
        "name": "Electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "A solid conductor where the cell’s reaction happens, in contact with the electrolyte. A lithium-ion cell has a negative electrode and a positive electrode, each a porous coating on a metal foil.",
        "related": [
          "negative-electrode",
          "positive-electrode",
          "porous-electrode",
          "current-collector"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Two transport paths",
          "text": "Electrons need connected solid paths to the collector; ions need electrolyte paths to reaction sites. More of one constituent displaces others at fixed volume."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "coating"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:positive-electrode",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Positive electrode",
      "properties": {
        "id": "positive-electrode",
        "name": "Positive electrode",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "The electrode at the higher potential: a lithium metal oxide or phosphate coated on aluminium foil. It is the lithium source when a cell is built, and industry calls it the cathode.",
        "related": [
          "cathode",
          "cathode-active-material",
          "negative-electrode",
          "aluminium-foil"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#anode-cathode",
        "example": {
          "title": "Polarity and reaction",
          "text": "The positive electrode retains its polarity label while its electrochemical reaction reverses between charge and discharge."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/positive-electrode/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrode"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:graphite",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Graphite",
      "properties": {
        "id": "graphite",
        "name": "Graphite",
        "section": "topic-components",
        "definition": "Layered carbon, the negative active material of nearly all lithium-ion cells. Lithium intercalates between its layers up to LiC₆, a theoretical 372 mAh/g, at a potential about 0.1 V above lithium metal.",
        "related": [
          "anode-active-material",
          "intercalation",
          "natural-graphite",
          "synthetic-graphite",
          "lithium-plating"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-anatomy/#components",
        "example": {
          "title": "Compare matching mass bases",
          "text": "A graphite value per gram of active material cannot be directly compared with a value including binder, additive and foil."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/graphite/",
        "mentions": [
          "milliampere-hour",
          "active-material"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}