{
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    "id": "term:fire-suppression",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Fire suppression",
    "properties": {
      "id": "fire-suppression",
      "name": "Fire suppression",
      "section": "topic-safety",
      "definition": "Systems that cool or smother a battery fire: water mist and flooding for cooling, inert gas or aerosol for enclosed storage containers. Because the cell makes its own oxygen, suppression mainly limits spread and cools neighbours rather than extinguishing the failing cell.",
      "related": [
        "flammability",
        "thermal-propagation",
        "gas-detection",
        "stationary-storage",
        "firefighter-access"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fire-suppression/",
      "mentions": []
    }
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      "id": "edge:1768",
      "source": "term:fire-suppression",
      "target": "topic:topic-safety",
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      "id": "edge:1769",
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      "id": "topic:topic-safety",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Safety and abuse",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-safety",
        "name": "Safety and abuse",
        "lede": "How cells fail dangerously, how that is tested, and what is built in to stop it.",
        "context": "Connect mechanisms with appropriate test evidence.",
        "example": "A low normal-load temperature does not demonstrate thermal-runaway containment.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-aging/",
        "lesson_label": "Open degradation mechanisms"
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      "id": "term:flammability",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Flammability",
      "properties": {
        "id": "flammability",
        "name": "Flammability",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The property that makes lithium-ion fires hard to fight: the carbonate solvents have flash points near room temperature, and the positive electrode releases its own oxygen when hot, so the fire does not need air. Solid and non-flammable electrolytes aim to remove this.",
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:thermal-propagation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Thermal propagation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "thermal-propagation",
        "name": "Thermal propagation",
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Thermal runaway spreading from one cell to its neighbours through conducted heat, hot gas and flame. Pack designs are judged by whether, and how slowly, a single failing cell takes the rest with it.",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:gas-detection",
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        "id": "gas-detection",
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        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "Sensors in a pack or storage container that detect electrolyte vapour or hydrogen released before thermal runaway. Off-gas appears minutes before heat and smoke, which makes it the earliest practical warning.",
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          "electrolyte",
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      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
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      "label": "Stationary storage",
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        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
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        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
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        "mentions": []
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      "id": "term:firefighter-access",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Firefighter access",
      "properties": {
        "id": "firefighter-access",
        "name": "Firefighter access",
        "aka": [
          "Fireman Access"
        ],
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "A deliberate opening in a traction battery’s casing, sealed by a disc that gives way under a fire hose’s jet, so firefighters can flood the cells directly instead of cooling the outside of the pack for hours. Renault Group fits it to its electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles and in 2025 offered the design free of charge to other carmakers.",
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          "thermal-propagation",
          "pack"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/firefighter-access/",
        "mentions": []
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}