{
"node": {
"id": "term:fast-charging",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Fast charging",
"properties": {
"id": "fast-charging",
"name": "Fast charging",
"section": "topic-charging",
"definition": "Charging intended to replenish a specified amount of energy or state of charge in a short time. There is no universal C-rate threshold: performance depends on cell chemistry, temperature, starting state and power limits. High current can increase heating and lithium-plating risk, requiring appropriate limits.",
"related": [
"lithium-plating",
"c-rate",
"cc-cv-charging",
"dc-fast-charging",
"thermal-management",
"mscc"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/fast-charging/",
"mentions": [
"state-of-charge"
]
}
},
"edges": [
{
"id": "edge:103",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "workflow:charge-session",
"type": "usedIn",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1150",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "topic:topic-charging",
"type": "belongsTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1151",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:lithium-plating",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1152",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:c-rate",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1153",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:cc-cv-charging",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1154",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1155",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:thermal-management",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1156",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:mscc",
"type": "relatedTo",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:mentions/fast-charging/state-of-charge",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "term:state-of-charge",
"type": "mentions",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "terms.json",
"method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
"field": "definition",
"meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1158",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "visual:charging-cccv",
"type": "illustratedBy",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "visual-pages.json"
}
},
{
"id": "edge:1159",
"source": "term:fast-charging",
"target": "reference:tomaszewska-charging",
"type": "cites",
"properties": {
"sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
"scope": "direct technical reference"
}
}
],
"neighbors": [
{
"id": "workflow:charge-session",
"type": "Workflow",
"label": "Find the charge-time limit",
"properties": {
"id": "charge-session",
"title": "Find the charge-time limit",
"kind": "protocol",
"summary": "The separate Charge session compares power, current, acceptance and CV limits.",
"steps": [
"Select a rechargeable cell and pack.",
"Open Analysis → Charge session; increase power."
],
"example": "A 50 kW source at 400 V cannot deliver 50 kW through a 100 A ceiling; that current limit corresponds to 40 kW.",
"observe": "Read the named limiting reason.",
"limits": "This differs from the Studio network and requires cell resistance data and product access.",
"url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/",
"label": "Open Design → Charge session",
"evidence": [
"js/charger.js"
]
}
},
{
"id": "topic:topic-charging",
"type": "Topic",
"label": "Charging and discharging",
"properties": {
"id": "topic-charging",
"name": "Charging and discharging",
"lede": "How current goes in and comes out, and the limits that stop it.",
"context": "Separate regulation from availability.",
"example": "The same CC–CV law can operate overnight or during a short depot stop.",
"lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
"lesson_label": "Open charging quantities"
}
},
{
"id": "term:lithium-plating",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Lithium plating",
"properties": {
"id": "lithium-plating",
"name": "Lithium plating",
"section": "topic-aging",
"definition": "Lithium metal depositing on the negative-electrode surface instead of intercalating into it. It is promoted by charging at low temperature or high current.",
"related": [
"dendrite",
"fast-charging",
"intercalation",
"np-ratio",
"dead-lithium",
"electrodeposition"
],
"lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#plating",
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-plating/",
"mentions": []
}
},
{
"id": "term:c-rate",
"type": "Term",
"label": "C-rate",
"properties": {
"id": "c-rate",
"name": "C-rate",
"section": "topic-ratings",
"definition": "Current divided by nominal capacity, in reciprocal hours. 1C on a 20 Ah cell is 20 A; 2C is 40 A. C-rate lets you compare loads on cells of different sizes.",
"formula": "C-rate = I / Q_nominal",
"unit": "h⁻¹",
"related": [
"nominal-capacity",
"ideal-duration",
"current",
"e-rate",
"fast-charging"
],
"lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#c-rate",
"example": {
"title": "Convert a rating into amperes",
"text": "For a 5 Ah cell, 0.5C means 2.5 A, 1C means 5 A and 2C means 10 A. Dividing 2.5 A by 5 Ah returns 0.5 h⁻¹, conventionally written 0.5C."
},
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/c-rate/",
"mentions": []
}
},
{
"id": "term:cc-cv-charging",
"type": "Term",
"label": "CC-CV charging",
"properties": {
"id": "cc-cv-charging",
"name": "CC-CV charging",
"aka": [
"constant current constant voltage"
],
"section": "topic-charging",
"definition": "The standard lithium-ion charge protocol: constant current until the cell reaches its upper cutoff voltage, then that voltage held constant while the current tapers. The charge ends when the current falls to a set fraction, often C/20.",
"related": [
"constant-current",
"constant-voltage",
"cutoff-voltage",
"taper-current",
"fast-charging",
"cp-cv"
],
"lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#real-cells",
"example": {
"title": "Follow a two-stage charge",
"text": "For an illustrative 5 Ah cell, a 2.5 A current request is 0.5C. During CC the voltage rises. At the selected upper voltage, CV regulation holds voltage while current tapers. Completion requires the taper current to fall below the selected cutoff for the configured dwell."
},
"notes": [
"Choose voltage, current and temperature limits from the actual cell specification. These example values do not define a charging recipe."
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cc-cv-charging/",
"mentions": []
}
},
{
"id": "term:dc-fast-charging",
"type": "Term",
"label": "DC fast charging",
"properties": {
"id": "dc-fast-charging",
"name": "DC fast charging",
"abbr": "DCFC",
"aka": [
"rapid charging",
"HPC"
],
"section": "topic-infrastructure",
"definition": "Charging from a station that supplies DC straight to the pack, bypassing the car’s onboard charger, at 50 kW to over 350 kW. The BMS, not the charger, sets the current from moment to moment, which is why the charge curve tapers as the pack fills.",
"related": [
"fast-charging",
"onboard-charger",
"pack-voltage",
"preconditioning",
"charging-curve",
"evse"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/dc-fast-charging/",
"mentions": [
"charger",
"bms"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:thermal-management",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Thermal management",
"properties": {
"id": "thermal-management",
"name": "Thermal management",
"abbr": "TMS",
"aka": [
"battery thermal management system",
"BTMS"
],
"section": "topic-thermal",
"definition": "Keeping cells in their comfortable range, roughly 15–35 °C, and within a few degrees of each other: liquid cooling plates, refrigerant plates or immersion for heat removal, and heaters or waste heat for warming before fast charging in the cold.",
"related": [
"cooling-plate",
"thermal-interface-material",
"operating-temperature",
"heat-generation",
"preconditioning",
"temperature-sensor"
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/thermal-management/",
"mentions": [
"fast-charging"
]
}
},
{
"id": "term:mscc",
"type": "Term",
"label": "Multistage constant-current charging",
"properties": {
"id": "mscc",
"name": "Multistage constant-current charging",
"abbr": "MSCC",
"aka": [
"step charging",
"stepped CC"
],
"section": "topic-charging",
"definition": "A charge protocol with a sequence of constant-current stages, often reducing current as the cell fills. Stage transitions follow selected time, voltage, state-of-charge or other limits. Charging time and lithium-plating risk depend on the cell and control conditions; a staged profile alone does not establish an improvement.",
"related": [
"cc-cv-charging",
"fast-charging",
"lithium-plating",
"charging-curve",
"xfc",
"pulse-charging"
],
"example": {
"title": "Build a staged current profile",
"text": "An illustrative sequence uses 3 A for 10 min, then 2 A for 10 min, then 1 A for 10 min. If every stage runs for its full duration, the charge transferred is 1 Ah. Voltage and temperature limits can terminate stages earlier."
},
"notes": [
"A sequence of CC steps is distinct from an automatically combined multistage CC-CV charger."
],
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/mscc/",
"mentions": []
}
},
{
"id": "term:state-of-charge",
"type": "Term",
"label": "State of charge",
"properties": {
"id": "state-of-charge",
"name": "State of charge",
"abbr": "SOC",
"section": "topic-state",
"definition": "How full a cell is, as a fraction of its available capacity. State of charge, like temperature, affects how fast a stored cell ages.",
"unit": "%",
"related": [
"depth-of-discharge",
"ocv-soc-curve",
"coulomb-counting",
"state-of-health",
"bms"
],
"lesson": "fundamentals/battery-aging/#storage-soc",
"example": {
"title": "Interpret a charge inventory",
"text": "If available capacity is 5 Ah and 3 Ah remains by the chosen estimator, SOC is 60%. A different estimate of available capacity changes this percentage, so compare SOC values only with the capacity convention recorded."
},
"url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/state-of-charge/",
"mentions": [
"usable-capacity"
]
}
},
{
"id": "visual:charging-cccv",
"type": "Visual",
"label": "Compare charging profiles",
"properties": {
"title": "Compare charging profiles",
"summary": "See which quantity is held constant, when the phase changes and how charging ends.",
"readout": "Current holds at 5 A until the example 4.15 V threshold; voltage then holds while current tapers. The stop marker is a separate low-current termination condition.",
"formula": "CC: I = I_set · CV: V = V_limit",
"note": "Positive current charges the cell. Time is normalized; selected thresholds are not cell-specific recommendations. The voltage trace ends at termination; post-stop relaxation is excluded.",
"software": {
"status": "studio",
"label": "Lemonergy Studio charging controller",
"body": "The native controller regulates CC-CV charging. Its battery model uses charge balance, linear OCV and constant resistance. These authored profiles are explanatory, not its simulation output.",
"href": "https://design.lemonergy.com/cosim.html?example=charging-home"
},
"html": "Current profile
Charge current
\nVoltage profile
Cell voltage
"
}
},
{
"id": "reference:tomaszewska-charging",
"type": "Reference",
"label": "Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review",
"properties": {
"title": "Lithium-ion battery fast charging: A review",
"publisher": "eTransportation",
"url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2019.100011",
"type": "Review article",
"scope": "CC-CV and alternative charging protocols, transport limitations, degradation and thermal implications; results depend on cell and test conditions. Software behavior is documented separately in Lemonergy block references.",
"year": 2019,
"authors": [
"Anna Tomaszewska et al."
],
"accessed": "2026-10-27"
}
}
]
}