{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Extended producer responsibility",
    "properties": {
      "id": "extended-producer-responsibility",
      "name": "Extended producer responsibility",
      "abbr": "EPR",
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The principle, in the EU Battery Regulation and its predecessor, that whoever first places a battery on the market pays for its collection and recycling at end of life. Producers register nationally, report volumes and fund the collection schemes.",
      "related": [
        "eu-battery-regulation",
        "eu-battery-directive",
        "recycling",
        "collection-target"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/extended-producer-responsibility/",
      "mentions": [
        "end-of-life"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:3717",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3718",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3719",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "term:eu-battery-directive",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3720",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3721",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "term:collection-target",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/extended-producer-responsibility/end-of-life",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "term:end-of-life",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3723",
      "source": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "target": "reference:eu-batteries",
      "type": "cites",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-references.json",
        "scope": "direct technical reference"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EU Battery Regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "eu-battery-regulation",
        "name": "EU Battery Regulation",
        "aka": [
          "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.",
        "related": [
          "battery-passport",
          "carbon-footprint",
          "recycling",
          "due-diligence",
          "critical-raw-materials",
          "eu-battery-directive"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-regulation/",
        "mentions": [
          "collection-target"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:eu-battery-directive",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EU Battery Directive",
      "properties": {
        "id": "eu-battery-directive",
        "name": "EU Battery Directive",
        "aka": [
          "Directive 2006/66/EC"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The earlier European law on batteries, from 2006, that restricted mercury and cadmium, set collection targets for portable batteries and made producers responsible for take-back. It is replaced step by step by the 2023 Battery Regulation.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "extended-producer-responsibility",
          "recycling"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-directive/",
        "mentions": [
          "reverse-logistics"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:recycling",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery recycling",
      "properties": {
        "id": "recycling",
        "name": "Battery recycling",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
          "direct-recycling",
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "collection-target"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:collection-target",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Collection and recycling targets",
      "properties": {
        "id": "collection-target",
        "name": "Collection and recycling targets",
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "The EU Battery Regulation’s quotas: portable batteries collected at 63 % by 2027 and 73 % by 2030, light-means-of-transport batteries at 51 % by 2028, with recycling efficiencies of 65 % for lithium-based batteries by 2025 and 70 % by 2030, and material recovery of 50 % of lithium by 2027 rising to 80 % by 2031.",
        "unit": "%",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "recycling",
          "extended-producer-responsibility",
          "recycled-content",
          "recycling-efficiency"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/collection-target/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:end-of-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "End of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "end-of-life",
        "name": "End of life",
        "abbr": "EOL",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "The point at which a cell no longer meets its application’s requirement, conventionally 80 % of initial capacity or a doubling of resistance. It is a definition for warranties and tests, not a point where the cell stops working.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-health",
          "beginning-of-life",
          "cycle-life",
          "second-life",
          "knee-point"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/end-of-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:eu-batteries",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542 concerning batteries and waste batteries",
        "publisher": "European Union / EUR-Lex",
        "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32023R1542",
        "type": "Regulation",
        "scope": "Battery sustainability, information, waste management and battery passport provisions. Consult the current consolidated text and applicable implementing acts.",
        "year": 2023,
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}