{
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    "id": "term:eu-battery-directive",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "EU Battery Directive",
    "properties": {
      "id": "eu-battery-directive",
      "name": "EU Battery Directive",
      "aka": [
        "Directive 2006/66/EC"
      ],
      "section": "topic-sustainability",
      "definition": "The earlier European law on batteries, from 2006, that restricted mercury and cadmium, set collection targets for portable batteries and made producers responsible for take-back. It is replaced step by step by the 2023 Battery Regulation.",
      "related": [
        "eu-battery-regulation",
        "extended-producer-responsibility",
        "recycling"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-directive/",
      "mentions": [
        "reverse-logistics"
      ]
    }
  },
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      "id": "edge:3712",
      "source": "term:eu-battery-directive",
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      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3713",
      "source": "term:eu-battery-directive",
      "target": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3714",
      "source": "term:eu-battery-directive",
      "target": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:3715",
      "source": "term:eu-battery-directive",
      "target": "term:recycling",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/eu-battery-directive/reverse-logistics",
      "source": "term:eu-battery-directive",
      "target": "term:reverse-logistics",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
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        "field": "definition",
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      }
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      "id": "topic:topic-sustainability",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Supply chain and regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-sustainability",
        "name": "Supply chain and regulation",
        "lede": "Where the materials come from, what a battery’s carbon footprint is, and the rules that govern it from mine to market.",
        "context": "Keep boundaries, dates, geography and units.",
        "example": "Carbon footprints can be compared only with compatible boundaries and functional units.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production context"
      }
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      "id": "term:eu-battery-regulation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "EU Battery Regulation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "eu-battery-regulation",
        "name": "EU Battery Regulation",
        "aka": [
          "Regulation (EU) 2023/1542"
        ],
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The European law, in force since 2023, that governs batteries over their whole life: carbon-footprint declarations, recycled-content minimums, due diligence on raw materials, performance and durability requirements, removability, the battery passport and collection and recycling targets.",
        "related": [
          "battery-passport",
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/eu-battery-regulation/",
        "mentions": [
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        ]
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    {
      "id": "term:extended-producer-responsibility",
      "type": "Term",
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        "name": "Extended producer responsibility",
        "abbr": "EPR",
        "section": "topic-sustainability",
        "definition": "The principle, in the EU Battery Regulation and its predecessor, that whoever first places a battery on the market pays for its collection and recycling at end of life. Producers register nationally, report volumes and fund the collection schemes.",
        "related": [
          "eu-battery-regulation",
          "eu-battery-directive",
          "recycling",
          "collection-target"
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:recycling",
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        "definition": "Recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, copper and aluminium from end-of-life cells and production scrap. Scrap is today’s main feedstock; vehicle returns will dominate in the 2030s, and regulation now sets minimum recovery rates.",
        "related": [
          "black-mass",
          "hydrometallurgy",
          "pyrometallurgy",
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          "collection-target"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/recycling/",
        "mentions": [
          "cobalt",
          "production-scrap"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:reverse-logistics",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Reverse logistics",
      "properties": {
        "id": "reverse-logistics",
        "name": "Reverse logistics",
        "aka": [
          "battery collection",
          "take-back"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Collecting end-of-life and faulty batteries and bringing them to a sorting or recycling site: take-back points, transport as dangerous goods, storage and documentation. For large packs it is often the single biggest cost of recycling.",
        "related": [
          "collection-target",
          "damaged-battery-transport",
          "battery-triage",
          "extended-producer-responsibility"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/reverse-logistics/",
        "mentions": []
      }
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  ]
}