{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:equipotential-bonding",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Equipotential bonding",
    "properties": {
      "id": "equipotential-bonding",
      "name": "Equipotential bonding",
      "aka": [
        "potential equalisation",
        "earth bonding",
        "chassis bonding",
        "bonding impedance"
      ],
      "section": "topic-hvsafety",
      "definition": "Connecting every exposed metal part — pack enclosure, motor frame, charger case — firmly to the chassis so that none can sit at a different voltage after an insulation fault. UN R100 requires under 0.1 Ω between exposed conductive parts and the chassis, measured with at least 0.2 A; during conductive charging the chassis is also tied to protective earth.",
      "related": [
        "insulation-fault",
        "insulation-resistance",
        "un-r100",
        "enclosure",
        "extra-low-voltage"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/equipotential-bonding/",
      "mentions": [
        "charger"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:5120",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "topic:topic-hvsafety",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5121",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "term:insulation-fault",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5122",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "term:insulation-resistance",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5123",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "term:un-r100",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5124",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "term:enclosure",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:5125",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "term:extra-low-voltage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/equipotential-bonding/charger",
      "source": "term:equipotential-bonding",
      "target": "term:charger",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-hvsafety",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "High-voltage and functional safety",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-hvsafety",
        "name": "High-voltage and functional safety",
        "lede": "Keeping people safe from the pack’s voltage and keeping its electronics safe when they fail: insulation, switching, fusing and the functional-safety process.",
        "context": "Relate protection to faults, detection and response.",
        "example": "Normal-operation current limits do not demonstrate correct contactor behavior under a welded-contact or sensor fault.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/battery-basics/",
        "lesson_label": "Open battery basics"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:insulation-fault",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Insulation fault",
      "properties": {
        "id": "insulation-fault",
        "name": "Insulation fault",
        "aka": [
          "ground fault",
          "earth fault",
          "isolation fault",
          "chassis fault"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "An unintended low-resistance path between a high-voltage conductor and the chassis, from damaged insulation, coolant leaks or moisture. A vehicle’s high-voltage system floats free of the chassis, so a single fault drives no current; a second on the other pole completes a circuit through the chassis. The insulation monitor therefore flags the first before a second can arise.",
        "related": [
          "insulation-resistance",
          "insulation-test",
          "equipotential-bonding",
          "dtc",
          "voltage-class"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/insulation-fault/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:insulation-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Insulation resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "insulation-resistance",
        "name": "Insulation resistance",
        "aka": [
          "isolation resistance",
          "IMD"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "The resistance between the high-voltage circuit and the vehicle chassis, which must stay above about 100 Ω per volt of pack voltage so a person touching the chassis is safe. An insulation monitoring device measures it continuously.",
        "unit": "Ω/V",
        "related": [
          "pack-voltage",
          "high-voltage-interlock",
          "functional-safety",
          "insulation-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/insulation-resistance/",
        "mentions": [
          "volt"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:un-r100",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "UN Regulation No. 100",
      "properties": {
        "id": "un-r100",
        "name": "UN Regulation No. 100",
        "abbr": "R100",
        "aka": [
          "ECE R100",
          "UN ECE R100"
        ],
        "section": "topic-standards-vehicle",
        "definition": "The UNECE type-approval regulation for the electric powertrain of cars, buses and trucks, covering protection against electric shock and, in part II, the rechargeable energy storage system itself. A vehicle sold in the EU and most of the world must carry an R100 approval for its battery.",
        "related": [
          "un-r100-part-2",
          "un-r100-03",
          "gtr-20",
          "rechargeable-energy-storage-system",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "high-voltage-interlock"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/un-r100/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:enclosure",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Enclosure",
      "properties": {
        "id": "enclosure",
        "name": "Enclosure",
        "aka": [
          "battery housing",
          "battery tray"
        ],
        "section": "topic-pack",
        "definition": "The sealed case that carries the modules, protects them in a crash, keeps water out to an IP67 rating or better and vents gas in a thermal event. In many cars it is a structural part of the body.",
        "related": [
          "pack",
          "ip-rating",
          "cell-to-chassis",
          "venting",
          "gigacasting",
          "ul-94"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/enclosure/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:extra-low-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Extra-low voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "extra-low-voltage",
        "name": "Extra-low voltage",
        "abbr": "ELV",
        "aka": [
          "SELV",
          "PELV",
          "FELV",
          "safety extra-low voltage",
          "protective extra-low voltage"
        ],
        "section": "topic-hvsafety",
        "definition": "Voltage low enough to need reduced shock protection: at most 50 V AC rms or 120 V ripple-free DC under IEC 61140. SELV is separated from higher voltages and from earth; PELV is separated but earthed; FELV is low in value only, without protective separation, so it is protected like the circuit feeding it. Vehicle rules draw their line lower, at 60 V DC.",
        "related": [
          "voltage-class",
          "insulation-resistance",
          "equipotential-bonding",
          "48v-system"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/extra-low-voltage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:charger",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Charger",
      "properties": {
        "id": "charger",
        "name": "Charger",
        "section": "topic-charging",
        "definition": "The power electronics that convert mains or DC supply into the controlled current and voltage a battery needs. For lithium-ion it runs the CC-CV profile within the limits the BMS communicates, and stops rather than floats when the cell is full.",
        "related": [
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "bms",
          "onboard-charger",
          "dc-fast-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/charger/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}