{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:energy-throughput",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Energy throughput",
    "properties": {
      "id": "energy-throughput",
      "name": "Energy throughput",
      "aka": [
        "lifetime throughput",
        "MWh throughput",
        "charge throughput",
        "Ah throughput"
      ],
      "section": "topic-ratings",
      "definition": "The total energy a battery has delivered, or charged and discharged, over its life, counted in kWh or MWh. Discharged energy divided by usable energy gives equivalent full cycles. Stationary-storage and electric-bus warranties often set a throughput limit alongside years, because aging tracks the energy cycled as well as time.",
      "unit": "kWh, MWh",
      "related": [
        "equivalent-full-cycle",
        "warranty",
        "cycle-life",
        "stationary-storage",
        "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "electric-bus"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-throughput/",
      "mentions": [
        "kilowatt-hour"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
    {
      "id": "edge:139",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "workflow:cycle-protocol",
      "type": "usedIn",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "wiki-blocks.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6153",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "topic:topic-ratings",
      "type": "belongsTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6154",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:equivalent-full-cycle",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6155",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:warranty",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6156",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:cycle-life",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6157",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6158",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:6159",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/energy-throughput/kilowatt-hour",
      "source": "term:energy-throughput",
      "target": "term:kilowatt-hour",
      "type": "mentions",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions",
        "field": "definition",
        "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim"
      }
    }
  ],
  "neighbors": [
    {
      "id": "workflow:cycle-protocol",
      "type": "Workflow",
      "label": "Repeat charge/discharge",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycle-protocol",
        "title": "Repeat charge/discharge",
        "kind": "protocol",
        "summary": "Cycle aging block repeats charge, discharge and rest.",
        "steps": [
          "Open Cycle aging block.",
          "Review currents and rests; compare throughput."
        ],
        "example": "Twenty 50%-depth discharges give ten discharge-equivalent full cycles at fixed nominal capacity.",
        "observe": "Cycle count differs from throughput.",
        "limits": "Scheduling cycles does not supply calibrated degradation or physical lifetime evidence.",
        "url": "https://design.lemonergy.com/",
        "label": "Open Design → Protocol bench",
        "evidence": [
          "js/test-protocol.js"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "topic:topic-ratings",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Capacity, energy, power and ratings",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-ratings",
        "name": "Capacity, energy, power and ratings",
        "lede": "The numbers that size a cell and let two cells be compared.",
        "context": "Separate nameplate ratings from test results.",
        "example": "5 Ah at 3.6 V gives 18 Wh nominally. Integrated measured terminal power may give a different result.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/",
        "lesson_label": "Open capacity and C-rate"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:equivalent-full-cycle",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Equivalent full cycle",
      "properties": {
        "id": "equivalent-full-cycle",
        "name": "Equivalent full cycle",
        "abbr": "EFC",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "Total charge throughput divided by nominal capacity, so that many shallow cycles count as the equivalent number of full ones. It lets cycle life be compared across different duty cycles.",
        "formula": "EFC = ΣQ_throughput / (2·Q_nominal)",
        "related": [
          "cycle-life",
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "cycle"
        ],
        "example": {
          "title": "Count partial throughput",
          "text": "For a 5 Ah reference capacity, 20 Ah of total absolute charge-plus-discharge throughput corresponds to 20/(2 × 5) = 2 EFC. If counting discharge throughput only, use its matching convention without the factor of two."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/equivalent-full-cycle/",
        "mentions": [
          "nominal-capacity",
          "energy-throughput"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:warranty",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Battery warranty",
      "properties": {
        "id": "warranty",
        "name": "Battery warranty",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The manufacturer’s guarantee of capacity retention over time, for electric cars typically 70 % after 8 years or 160 000 km. It is written against state of health as the BMS reports it, which makes the SOH algorithm a contractual matter.",
        "related": [
          "state-of-health",
          "end-of-life",
          "calendar-life",
          "cycle-life",
          "throughput-limiting"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/warranty/",
        "mentions": [
          "bms",
          "state-of-capacity"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cycle-life",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cycle life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cycle-life",
        "name": "Cycle life",
        "section": "topic-ratings",
        "definition": "The number of full charge–discharge cycles a cell completes before its capacity falls to a stated fraction, usually 80 %, of its initial value under defined conditions. LFP cells reach several thousand cycles; high-energy NMC fewer.",
        "unit": "cycles",
        "related": [
          "end-of-life",
          "capacity-fade",
          "depth-of-discharge",
          "calendar-life",
          "equivalent-full-cycle",
          "cycle-life-test"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cycle-life/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:stationary-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Stationary storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "stationary-storage",
        "name": "Stationary storage",
        "abbr": "BESS",
        "aka": [
          "battery energy storage system",
          "ESS"
        ],
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "Batteries installed in a fixed place — a container at a solar farm, a cabinet in a home — to shift energy in time or support the grid. LFP cells dominate because cost per cycle and safety matter more than mass.",
        "related": [
          "lfp",
          "energy-management-system",
          "inverter",
          "energy-arbitrage",
          "long-duration-storage",
          "ul-9540a"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/stationary-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:levelized-cost-of-storage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Levelized cost of storage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "levelized-cost-of-storage",
        "name": "Levelized cost of storage",
        "abbr": "LCOS",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "The total lifetime cost of a storage system divided by the total energy it will discharge, in currency per megawatt-hour. It folds cell price, efficiency, cycle life and degradation into one figure for comparing technologies.",
        "unit": "€/MWh",
        "related": [
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "cycle-life",
          "energy-efficiency",
          "stationary-storage"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/levelized-cost-of-storage/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:electric-bus",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electric bus",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electric-bus",
        "name": "Electric bus",
        "abbr": "e-bus",
        "section": "topic-applications",
        "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.",
        "related": [
          "depot-charging",
          "pantograph-charging",
          "vdv",
          "sort-cycle",
          "total-cost-of-ownership",
          "opportunity-charging"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/",
        "mentions": [
          "kilowatt-hour"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:kilowatt-hour",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Kilowatt-hour",
      "properties": {
        "id": "kilowatt-hour",
        "name": "Kilowatt-hour",
        "abbr": "kWh",
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "One thousand watt-hours, the unit for pack and system energy. An electric car carries 40–100 kWh; grid storage is quoted in megawatt-hours (1000 kWh) and factory output in gigawatt-hours per year.",
        "unit": "kWh",
        "related": [
          "watt-hour",
          "nominal-energy",
          "cost-per-kwh",
          "gigafactory"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/kilowatt-hour/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    }
  ]
}