{ "node": { "id": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "type": "Term", "label": "Energy consumption per distance", "properties": { "id": "energy-consumption-per-distance", "name": "Energy consumption per distance", "aka": [ "Wh/km", "kWh/100 km", "kWh/km", "vehicle energy consumption" ], "section": "topic-ratings", "definition": "The energy a vehicle draws from its battery per kilometre, in Wh/km or kWh/100 km. A mid-size electric car uses about 150–200 Wh/km and a 12 m city bus around 1–1.5 kWh/km, more in winter when heating runs. Usable energy divided by consumption gives range, so consumption sets battery size.", "formula": "Range = E_usable / consumption", "unit": "Wh/km", "related": [ "range", "usable-capacity", "electric-vehicle", "electric-bus", "sort-cycle", "load-profile" ], "example": { "title": "Estimate an ideal range", "text": "With 60 kWh usable energy and a consumption of 0.20 kWh/km, estimated range is 300 km. The estimate changes with speed, weather, auxiliaries and the usable-energy window." }, "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/energy-consumption-per-distance/", "mentions": [ "kilowatt-hour" ] } }, "edges": [ { "id": "edge:6161", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "topic:topic-ratings", "type": "belongsTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json" } }, { "id": "edge:6162", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:range", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6163", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:usable-capacity", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6164", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:electric-vehicle", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6165", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:electric-bus", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6166", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:sort-cycle", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6167", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:load-profile", "type": "relatedTo", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:mentions/energy-consumption-per-distance/kilowatt-hour", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "term:kilowatt-hour", "type": "mentions", "properties": { "sourceFile": "terms.json", "method": "build_glossary.mention_index + mentions", "field": "definition", "meaning": "Text mention; not a causal claim" } }, { "id": "edge:6169", "source": "term:energy-consumption-per-distance", "target": "visual:range-accounting", "type": "illustratedBy", "properties": { "sourceFile": "visual-pages.json" } } ], "neighbors": [ { "id": "topic:topic-ratings", "type": "Topic", "label": "Capacity, energy, power and ratings", "properties": { "id": "topic-ratings", "name": "Capacity, energy, power and ratings", "lede": "The numbers that size a cell and let two cells be compared.", "context": "Separate nameplate ratings from test results.", "example": "5 Ah at 3.6 V gives 18 Wh nominally. Integrated measured terminal power may give a different result.", "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/", "lesson_label": "Open capacity and C-rate" } }, { "id": "term:range", "type": "Term", "label": "Range", "properties": { "id": "range", "name": "Range", "section": "topic-applications", "definition": "How far an electric vehicle travels on a full charge: usable energy divided by consumption per kilometre. Cold weather, speed and heating cut it, and the gap between official and real range is usually consumption, not battery capacity.", "unit": "km", "related": [ "usable-capacity", "state-of-energy", "electric-vehicle", "energy-density", "energy-consumption-per-distance", "road-load-power" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/range/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:usable-capacity", "type": "Term", "label": "Usable capacity", "properties": { "id": "usable-capacity", "name": "Usable capacity", "aka": [ "available capacity" ], "section": "topic-ratings", "definition": "The part of a cell’s capacity that a system actually lets it use, after the BMS reserves margins at the top and bottom of the state-of-charge window. An electric-car pack may use 90–95 % of its gross capacity.", "related": [ "nominal-capacity", "depth-of-discharge", "state-of-charge", "bms" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/usable-capacity/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:electric-vehicle", "type": "Term", "label": "Electric vehicle", "properties": { "id": "electric-vehicle", "name": "Electric vehicle", "abbr": "EV", "aka": [ "BEV", "battery electric vehicle" ], "section": "topic-applications", "definition": "A vehicle driven by an electric motor from a battery charged from the grid. A battery electric vehicle has no engine; it is the largest market for lithium-ion cells and the driver of most pack technology.", "related": [ "hybrid-vehicle", "range", "pack", "regenerative-braking", "maritime-battery", "industrial-vehicle-battery" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-vehicle/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:electric-bus", "type": "Term", "label": "Electric bus", "properties": { "id": "electric-bus", "name": "Electric bus", "abbr": "e-bus", "section": "topic-applications", "definition": "A battery-electric city or coach bus, with packs of 300–700 kWh on the roof and at the rear, LFP or NMC, charged overnight in the depot or at the terminus by pantograph. Its duty cycle — long hours, deep daily cycles, a twelve-year life — makes battery aging the central engineering question.", "related": [ "depot-charging", "pantograph-charging", "vdv", "sort-cycle", "total-cost-of-ownership", "opportunity-charging" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electric-bus/", "mentions": [ "kilowatt-hour" ] } }, { "id": "term:sort-cycle", "type": "Term", "label": "SORT cycle", "properties": { "id": "sort-cycle", "name": "SORT cycle", "aka": [ "UITP SORT", "Standardised On-Road Test" ], "section": "topic-applications", "definition": "The UITP’s three standardised drive cycles for measuring bus energy consumption: SORT 1 heavy urban, SORT 2 easy mixed, SORT 3 easy suburban. An electric bus’s rated range in a tender is usually quoted per SORT cycle, often with heating or cooling load added as E-SORT.", "related": [ "vdv-238", "electric-bus", "range", "load-profile" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/sort-cycle/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:load-profile", "type": "Term", "label": "Load profile", "properties": { "id": "load-profile", "name": "Load profile", "aka": [ "duty cycle", "drive cycle" ], "section": "topic-charging", "definition": "The current or power a battery must deliver as a function of time in its application — a drive cycle for a car, a daily charge–discharge pattern for storage. Aging tests built on a realistic profile predict life better than constant-current cycling.", "related": [ "cycle", "depth-of-discharge", "cycle-aging", "regenerative-braking", "load" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/load-profile/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "term:kilowatt-hour", "type": "Term", "label": "Kilowatt-hour", "properties": { "id": "kilowatt-hour", "name": "Kilowatt-hour", "abbr": "kWh", "section": "topic-units", "definition": "One thousand watt-hours, the unit for pack and system energy. An electric car carries 40–100 kWh; grid storage is quoted in megawatt-hours (1000 kWh) and factory output in gigawatt-hours per year.", "unit": "kWh", "related": [ "watt-hour", "nominal-energy", "cost-per-kwh", "gigafactory" ], "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/kilowatt-hour/", "mentions": [] } }, { "id": "visual:range-accounting", "type": "Visual", "label": "Range is energy divided by consumption", "properties": { "title": "Range is energy divided by consumption", "summary": "Higher energy use per kilometre reduces range for the same usable battery energy.", "readout": "60 kWh at 200 Wh/km gives 300 km before the declared usable energy is spent.", "formula": "Range (km) = usable energy (Wh) / consumption (Wh/km)", "note": "Constant battery-side consumption; usable energy is supplied directly. Reserve, temperature, aging, auxiliary loads and speed changes are not calculated.", "software": { "status": "reference", "label": "Reference concept", "body": "This is a constant-consumption accounting relationship. It is not a drive-cycle simulation or a prediction for a particular vehicle or weather condition.", "href": "../chapter-1/" }, "html": "
Range versus energy consumption
Range versus energy consumptionBattery consumption (Wh/km) versus Range (km). Ideal constant-consumption range. Interpretation follows the graphs.0100150175300250450325600400Battery consumption (Wh/km)Range (km)
Ideal constant-consumption range
" } } ] }