{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:end-of-line-testing",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "End-of-line testing",
    "properties": {
      "id": "end-of-line-testing",
      "name": "End-of-line testing",
      "abbr": "EOL test",
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "The final measurements on every finished cell — capacity, internal resistance and open-circuit voltage — used to reject faulty cells and sort good ones into matched grades.",
      "related": [
        "grading",
        "capacity-test",
        "k-value",
        "cell-finishing"
      ],
      "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/end-of-line-testing/",
      "mentions": [
        "internal-resistance",
        "open-circuit-voltage"
      ]
    }
  },
  "edges": [
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      "id": "edge:2506",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
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    {
      "id": "edge:2507",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "term:grading",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2508",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "term:capacity-test",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:2509",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "term:k-value",
      "type": "relatedTo",
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        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    {
      "id": "edge:2510",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "term:cell-finishing",
      "type": "relatedTo",
      "properties": {
        "sourceFile": "terms.json",
        "meaning": "Related context; not a causal claim"
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    },
    {
      "id": "edge:mentions/end-of-line-testing/internal-resistance",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "term:internal-resistance",
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      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "term:open-circuit-voltage",
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      "id": "edge:2513",
      "source": "term:end-of-line-testing",
      "target": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
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      "properties": {
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing"
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  "neighbors": [
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      "id": "topic:topic-manufacturing",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-manufacturing",
        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
        "context": "Place operations and quality checks in process order.",
        "example": "An electrode can meet coating mass targets but fail adhesion or moisture checks later.",
        "lesson_url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/",
        "lesson_label": "Open production"
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      "id": "term:grading",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Grading",
      "properties": {
        "id": "grading",
        "name": "Grading",
        "aka": [
          "binning",
          "sorting"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "Sorting finished cells into bins by capacity and resistance so a module is built from closely matched cells. Mismatched cells would force the pack to balance constantly and age its weakest cell fastest.",
        "related": [
          "end-of-line-testing",
          "cell-to-cell-variation",
          "cell-balancing"
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          "title": "State the sorting criterion",
          "text": "Cells in the same capacity band can differ in resistance. One grading criterion does not establish uniformity in every property."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/grading/",
        "mentions": [
          "weakest-cell"
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      "id": "term:capacity-test",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Capacity test",
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        "name": "Capacity test",
        "section": "topic-testing",
        "definition": "A defined capacity test with specified charge, rest, discharge and cutoff conditions, usually a full CC-CV charge, a rest, and a C/3 or lower discharge to the lower cutoff at 25 °C. The delivered ampere-hours are the cell’s measured capacity.",
        "related": [
          "nominal-capacity",
          "cc-cv-charging",
          "cutoff-voltage",
          "reference-performance-test",
          "rate-test"
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        "lesson": "fundamentals/capacity-and-c-rate/#nominal-capacity",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/capacity-test/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:k-value",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "K-value",
      "properties": {
        "id": "k-value",
        "name": "K-value",
        "aka": [
          "OCV drop rate"
        ],
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The rate at which a cell’s open-circuit voltage falls during the production aging step, in millivolts per day. A high K-value signals an internal short or contamination, and such cells are scrapped before shipment.",
        "unit": "mV/day",
        "related": [
          "aging-step",
          "self-discharge",
          "open-circuit-voltage",
          "internal-short-circuit"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/k-value/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-finishing",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell finishing",
      "properties": {
        "id": "cell-finishing",
        "name": "Cell finishing",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The third phase of cell production: formation, degassing, aging and end-of-line testing. It is slow and ties up capital — cells sit for weeks — which is why shortening it is a major research goal.",
        "related": [
          "formation",
          "degassing",
          "aging-step",
          "end-of-line-testing",
          "cell-production"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/cell-finishing/",
        "mentions": []
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:internal-resistance",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Internal resistance",
      "properties": {
        "id": "internal-resistance",
        "name": "Internal resistance",
        "abbr": "IR",
        "aka": [
          "DC resistance",
          "DCIR"
        ],
        "section": "topic-units",
        "definition": "The resistance a cell presents to current, from its foils, electrolyte, interfaces and the reactions themselves. It converts part of the delivered energy into heat, sets the voltage drop under load, and rises as the cell ages; a large automotive cell has about a milliohm, a small cylindrical cell tens.",
        "unit": "mΩ",
        "related": [
          "ohms-law",
          "ir-drop",
          "impedance-rise",
          "dcir",
          "area-specific-resistance",
          "resistance-capacity-product"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/battery-basics/#datasheet",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/internal-resistance/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte",
          "cylindrical-cell"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:open-circuit-voltage",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Open-circuit voltage",
      "properties": {
        "id": "open-circuit-voltage",
        "name": "Open-circuit voltage",
        "abbr": "OCV",
        "section": "topic-state",
        "definition": "The voltage across a cell’s terminals when no current flows and the cell has rested long enough for the voltage to settle. It depends on state of charge and temperature, and a cell whose open-circuit voltage falls unusually fast in storage may have an internal short.",
        "unit": "V",
        "related": [
          "ocv-soc-curve",
          "relaxation",
          "voltage-hysteresis",
          "k-value",
          "internal-short-circuit"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/open-circuit-voltage/",
        "mentions": [
          "state-of-charge"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3 · Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/"
      }
    }
  ]
}