{
  "node": {
    "id": "term:electrolyte-recovery",
    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Electrolyte recovery",
    "properties": {
      "id": "electrolyte-recovery",
      "name": "Electrolyte recovery",
      "aka": [
        "supercritical CO₂ extraction",
        "solvent recovery from cells"
      ],
      "section": "topic-recycling",
      "definition": "Recovering the organic solvents and lithium salt from spent cells instead of burning them, by evaporation and condensation or by extraction with liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide. Few plants do it yet; most electrolyte is lost to off-gas treatment.",
      "related": [
        "shredding",
        "carbonate-solvent",
        "lithium-salt",
        "pyrolysis"
      ],
      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte-recovery/",
      "mentions": [
        "electrolyte",
        "off-gas"
      ]
    }
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      "source": "term:electrolyte-recovery",
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      "source": "term:electrolyte-recovery",
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      "id": "topic:topic-recycling",
      "type": "Topic",
      "label": "Recycling and end of life",
      "properties": {
        "id": "topic-recycling",
        "name": "Recycling and end of life",
        "lede": "What happens to a battery after its first life: reuse, and the recycling routes that recover its materials, step by step.",
        "context": "Distinguish recovered material from a qualified product.",
        "example": "High mass recovery alone does not establish battery-grade purity or refining energy demand.",
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        "lesson_label": "Open process context"
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      "id": "term:shredding",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Shredding",
      "properties": {
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        "name": "Shredding",
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          "crushing",
          "comminution",
          "wet shredding",
          "inert shredding"
        ],
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        "definition": "Breaking cells or modules into fragments, under an inert gas, in a liquid or in a vacuum so that the released electrolyte and any remaining charge cannot ignite. Off-gas treatment captures the solvent vapour and the hydrogen fluoride it forms.",
        "related": [
          "mechanical-pretreatment",
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          "electrolyte",
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      "id": "term:carbonate-solvent",
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      "label": "Carbonate solvent",
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          "DMC",
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        "definition": "The organic liquids that dissolve the lithium salt: cyclic ethylene carbonate, which forms a stable SEI, blended with linear carbonates such as DMC or EMC to lower viscosity. All are flammable, which is a root of lithium-ion fire risk.",
        "related": [
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        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:lithium-salt",
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      "label": "Lithium salt",
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        "aka": [
          "LiPF₆",
          "LiFSI"
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        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The dissolved salt that supplies the mobile lithium ions in a liquid electrolyte, almost always lithium hexafluorophosphate, LiPF₆, at about one mole per litre. It reacts with traces of water to form hydrofluoric acid, which is why cells are filled in a dry room.",
        "related": [
          "electrolyte",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "dry-room",
          "hydrofluoric-acid"
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        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/lithium-salt/",
        "mentions": [
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      "id": "term:pyrolysis",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Pyrolysis",
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        "name": "Pyrolysis",
        "aka": [
          "thermal pre-treatment",
          "binder burn-off"
        ],
        "section": "topic-recycling",
        "definition": "Heating cells or black mass to a few hundred degrees without oxygen to evaporate the electrolyte and decompose the binder and plastics, so active material detaches from the foils. It makes later separation easier, at the cost of energy and off-gas treatment.",
        "related": [
          "deactivation",
          "pvdf",
          "black-mass",
          "pyrometallurgy"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/pyrolysis/",
        "mentions": [
          "active-material",
          "binder",
          "electrolyte",
          "off-gas"
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      "id": "term:electrolyte",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
        "id": "electrolyte",
        "name": "Electrolyte",
        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
          "electrolyte-additive",
          "ionic-conductivity",
          "solid-electrolyte",
          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
          "separator"
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:off-gas",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Off-gas",
      "properties": {
        "id": "off-gas",
        "name": "Off-gas",
        "aka": [
          "vent gas"
        ],
        "section": "topic-safety",
        "definition": "The mixture released when a cell vents: electrolyte vapour, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons, with hydrogen fluoride. It is flammable and toxic, and gas sensors detect it before smoke or heat in a storage container.",
        "related": [
          "venting",
          "hydrofluoric-acid",
          "gas-detection",
          "thermal-runaway"
        ],
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/off-gas/",
        "mentions": [
          "electrolyte"
        ]
      }
    }
  ]
}