{
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    "type": "Term",
    "label": "Electrolyte filling",
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      "id": "electrolyte-filling",
      "name": "Electrolyte filling",
      "section": "topic-manufacturing",
      "definition": "Injecting a measured volume of electrolyte into the sealed-but-for-one-opening cell, usually under vacuum followed by pressure so the liquid is pulled into the pores. The cell then rests for wetting before formation.",
      "related": [
        "wetting",
        "dry-room",
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      ],
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      "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte-filling/",
      "mentions": [
        "formation"
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        "name": "Manufacturing",
        "lede": "The steps that turn powders and foils into a finished cell, in production order.",
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      "id": "term:wetting",
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      "properties": {
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        "name": "Wetting",
        "aka": [
          "soaking"
        ],
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        "definition": "The soaking of electrolyte into every pore of the electrodes and separator after filling. It can take hours or more; a pore left dry is electrode area that never works properly.",
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          "title": "Added volume is not penetration",
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        "definition": "A production room whose air is kept extremely dry — dew points around −30 °C to −60 °C — so that no moisture reaches the cell while the electrolyte goes in. Water would react with the salt LiPF₆ to form hydrofluoric acid.",
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      "id": "term:electrolyte",
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      "label": "Electrolyte",
      "properties": {
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        "section": "topic-electrolytes",
        "definition": "The ion-conducting medium between the electrodes. In a liquid-electrolyte cell it fills the pores of both electrodes and the separator, so it is not a separate structural layer.",
        "related": [
          "lithium-salt",
          "carbonate-solvent",
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          "ionic-liquid-electrolyte"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-architecture/#electrolyte",
        "example": {
          "title": "Ions and electrons",
          "text": "Electrolyte carries ions between electrodes; the external circuit carries electrons. The two paths serve different roles."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/electrolyte/",
        "mentions": [
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "term:cell-assembly",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Cell assembly",
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        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The second phase of cell production: building the electrode–separator stack by winding or stacking, welding the tabs, inserting it into the case and filling the electrolyte. Most of it happens in the dry room.",
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    {
      "id": "term:formation",
      "type": "Term",
      "label": "Formation",
      "properties": {
        "id": "formation",
        "name": "Formation",
        "section": "topic-manufacturing",
        "definition": "The first controlled charge and discharge cycles of a newly assembled cell, during which the SEI forms. It is part of cell production, before aging and grading.",
        "related": [
          "sei",
          "degassing",
          "aging-step",
          "first-cycle-loss",
          "cell-finishing"
        ],
        "lesson": "fundamentals/cell-production/#finishing",
        "example": {
          "title": "Distinguish first finishing cycles",
          "text": "Initial controlled cycles are a cell-finishing operation; their purpose and observations differ from later customer charging."
        },
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/glossary/formation/",
        "mentions": [
          "cell-production"
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      }
    },
    {
      "id": "lesson:fundamentals/cell-production/",
      "type": "Lesson",
      "label": "Lesson 3 · Cell production",
      "properties": {
        "url": "https://lemonergy.com/learn/fundamentals/cell-production/"
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "reference:liu-manufacturing",
      "type": "Reference",
      "label": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
      "properties": {
        "title": "Current and future lithium-ion battery manufacturing",
        "publisher": "iScience",
        "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102332",
        "type": "Review article",
        "scope": "Electrode preparation, cell assembly, formation and manufacturing trade-offs.",
        "year": 2021,
        "authors": [
          "Yangtao Liu",
          "Ruihan Zhang",
          "Jun Wang",
          "Yan Wang"
        ],
        "accessed": "2026-10-27"
      }
    }
  ]
}